Investigational drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Abstract

It is our opinion that despite developments in new therapies, a multidrug approach is vital for successful treatment of allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, immunotherapy in the form of sublingual immunotherapy is a promising additional therapeutic approach that will potentially make immunotherapy available to a wider selection of eligible patients with allergic rhinitis.

An indoxyl compound 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, suppresses activation of Fyn kinase in mast cells and IgE-mediated allergic responses in mice

“…According to recent studies, asthma affects more than 7% of the world's population (Akdis, 2013). In addition, allergic rhinitis, respiratory allergies, and other allergies affect around 20% of people in the United States and other industrialized countries (Castillo and Dimov, 2014).…”

Efficacy and safety of setipiprant in seasonal allergic rhinitis: results from Phase 2 and Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-referenced studies

“…In addition, some treatment options have side effects that may limit their long-term use, such as epistaxis and possible, rare consequences of systemic exposure with intranasal glucocorticoids [12, 13]. The limitations associated with currently available treatments have fueled continued research into newer and better ways of modulating the underlying immune pathways of AR [14]. …”

“…This has led to considerable interest and research on the clinical use of CRTH2 antagonists as a novel treatment approach in chronic allergic inflammatory conditions such as AR, allergic dermatitis, and asthma [14, 16, 17, 23–26]. A number of lines of experimental data suggest that CRTH2 antagonists can selectively counteract the pro-inflammatory effects of PGD 2 , which are thought to underlie the allergic response in AR [16, 17, 21, 27–32].…”

The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis inflammation: ovalbumin-induced rat model

“…The role of endothelin receptor antagonists in AR with the rerelease of the pro-inflammatory mediators after the early-phase reaction, late-phase reactions occur in the tissue, as characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils (1) .…”

“…Current approaches in AR pharmacotherapy aim at decreasing inflammation and symptoms. Oral and nasal antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and nasal corticosteroids are the most commonly used agents to decrease symptoms (1) . Desloratadine is a secondgeneration antihistaminic agent and is the main metabolite of loratadine; its efficiency has been determined in AR treatment (2) .…”