Investigation on Wearable Antenna under Different Bending Conditions for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications

Adam, Ismahayati; Kamarudin, M. R.; Rambe, Ali Hanafiah; Haris, Norshakila; Rahim, Hasliza A.; Muhamad, Wan Zuki Azman Wan; Ismail, Arif Mawardi; Jusoh, M.; Yasin, Mohd Najib Mohd

doi:10.1155/2021/5563528

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The skin, fat, muscle, and bone make up is of Gustav's body model. Table 6 shows the average tissue characteristics for each of these bodily sections at 2.4 GHz [77]. Table 7 displays the full SAR values for both standards.…”

Section: Proposed Mimo Antenna For Body Contacts and Specific Absorption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Metamaterial Dual-Polarized High Isolation UWB MIMO Vivaldi Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications

et al. 2021

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A low-profile Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna showing dual polarization, low mutual coupling, and acceptable diversity gain is presented by this paper. The antenna introduces the requirements of fifth generation (5G) and the satellite communications. A horizontally (4.8–31 GHz) and vertically polarized (7.6–37 GHz) modified antipodal Vivaldi antennas are simulated, fabricated, and integrated, and then their characteristics are examined. An ultra-wideband (UWB) at working bandwidths of 3.7–3.85 GHz and 5–40 GHz are achieved. Low mutual coupling of less than −22 dB is achieved after loading the antenna with cross-curves, staircase meander line, and integration of the metamaterial elements. The antennas are designed on a denim textile substrate with = 1.4 and h= 0.5 mm. A conductive textile called ShieldIt is utilized as conductor with conductivity of 1.8 × 104. After optimizing the proposed UWB-MIMO antenna’s characteristics, it is increased to four elements positioned at the four corners of a denim textile substrate to be employed as a UWB-MIMO antenna for handset communications, 5G, Ka and Ku band, and satellite communications (X-band). The proposed eight port UWB-MIMO antenna has a maximum gain of 10.7 dBi, 98% radiation efficiency, less than 0.01 ECC, and acceptable diversity gain. Afterwards, the eight-ports antenna performance is examined on a simulated real voxel hand and chest. Then, it is evaluated and compared on physical hand and chest of body. Evidently, the simulated and measured results show good agreement between them. The proposed UWB-MIMO antenna offers a compact and flexible design, which is suitably wearable for 5G and satellite communications applications.

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Section: Proposed Mimo Antenna For Body Contacts and Specific Absorption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Metamaterial Dual-Polarized High Isolation UWB MIMO Vivaldi Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications

et al. 2021

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“…Wearable antennas are usually designed in the ideal flat state. Still, when integrated into clothing and worn they are likely to be subjected to deformations such as bending and stretching, which cause variations in the performance of the antenna, leading to potential performance degradation related to the resonant frequency, impedance bandwidth, and efficiency [16,17]. Though the antenna is designed for a certain curvature, the variation of the radius of the curvature can influence the antenna's performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Modeling and Analysis of Wearable Antennas on the Effect of Bending for Various Feeds

Mallavarapu

Anjaneyulu

2022

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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The promising utilization of wearable antennas has experienced gigantic growth during the last decade. An antenna is one of the most significant and crucial components of wireless wearable devices. They need to be particularly designed to work while worn on and off the body. The wearable antenna embedded into clothing finds its use in wireless communications including tracking and navigation, mobile and wearable computing, and public safety and security. For user accessibility, there is a growing requirement for incorporating antennas on or in clothing. Determining the dielectric characteristics of the flexible substrates utilized in the design of the wearable antenna is also essential. In this paper, a Microstrip Ring Resonator (MRR) is employed to determine the dielectric properties of fabric substrates followed by state-of-the-art designs of wearable antennas and their bending effects at ISM band frequencies. An electrical equivalent model is designed to realize the potentials inside the geometry of an antenna under bending environment. This is followed by observing the effect of bending for different feeding methods on the wearable antenna's parameters when bending on a certain radius. The robustness of the proposed wearable antenna is examined by measuring the antenna under various bending curvatures for return loss, gain, and efficiencies. This will disclose the various contemplations for designing a wearable antenna from different feeding mechanisms with different materials and exemplifying the antenna's outcomes to dynamic moments of the human body. The performance of the proposed wearable antenna is acceptable even in a deformation environment, and there is a good agreement between the measured and the simulation results.

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Bending Conditions, Conductive Materials, and Fabrication of Wearable Textile Antennas: Review

Katragadda

Rao

2023

Soft Computing and Signal Processing

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Investigation on Wearable Antenna under Different Bending Conditions for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Wearable Metamaterial Dual-Polarized High Isolation UWB MIMO Vivaldi Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications

Wearable Metamaterial Dual-Polarized High Isolation UWB MIMO Vivaldi Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications

Circuit Modeling and Analysis of Wearable Antennas on the Effect of Bending for Various Feeds

Bending Conditions, Conductive Materials, and Fabrication of Wearable Textile Antennas: Review

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