Circuit Modeling and Analysis of Wearable Antennas on the Effect of Bending for Various Feeds

Abstract

The promising utilization of wearable antennas has experienced gigantic growth during the last decade. An antenna is one of the most significant and crucial components of wireless wearable devices. They need to be particularly designed to work while worn on and off the body. The wearable antenna embedded into clothing finds its use in wireless communications including tracking and navigation, mobile and wearable computing, and public safety and security. For user accessibility, there is a growing requirement for incorporating antennas on or in clothing. Determining the dielectric characteristics of the flexible substrates utilized in the design of the wearable antenna is also essential. In this paper, a Microstrip Ring Resonator (MRR) is employed to determine the dielectric properties of fabric substrates followed by state-of-the-art designs of wearable antennas and their bending effects at ISM band frequencies. An electrical equivalent model is designed to realize the potentials inside the geometry of an antenna under bending environment. This is followed by observing the effect of bending for different feeding methods on the wearable antenna's parameters when bending on a certain radius. The robustness of the proposed wearable antenna is examined by measuring the antenna under various bending curvatures for return loss, gain, and efficiencies. This will disclose the various contemplations for designing a wearable antenna from different feeding mechanisms with different materials and exemplifying the antenna's outcomes to dynamic moments of the human body. The performance of the proposed wearable antenna is acceptable even in a deformation environment, and there is a good agreement between the measured and the simulation results.

A Survey – Wearable Antenna Techniques and its Applications

“…A Microstrip Ring Resonator was utilised in the paper [13], to investigate the dielectric characteristics of the fabric material used to create the wearable antennas and their bending implications at ISM band frequencies. It investigated the implications of bending for various feeding strategies for a wearable antenna.…”

Optimization of a Perovskite-based Multilayer Microwave Absorber using an Equivalent Circuit Model

“…Carbon-based absorbers recursive formula was commonly used as the changes in the properties of each layer are marginal and the configuration of each layer is the same with the difference being only in the volume of fillers used. Now, with researchers relying more on the inorganic materials to be used as microwave absorbers, the analysis and modeling theories of multilayer absorbers should be adapted and usually, more prominently used in frequency selective surfaces equivalent circuit models, can help in designing much simplistic models for the optimization of multilayer absorbers [4][5].…”

Compact, flexible triple band Sierpinski fractal antenna on a Hilbert patterned ground for W‐WBSN

“…Hence the antenna performance directly influences the power consumption of the node. In addition, compact, lightweight, conformable, and deformable antennas without compromising their performance when operating near the human body are necessary as the sensor nodes are attached to the garments 6–8 . The textile material is eco‐friendly and easily disposable when produced on a massive number of textile antennas.…”