Investigation on thermochemical behaviour of low rank Malaysian coal, oil palm biomass and their blends during pyrolysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Idris, Siti Shawalliah; Rahman, Norazah Abd; Ismail, Khudzir; Alias, Azil Bahari; Rashid, Zulkifli Abdul; Aris, Mohd Jindra

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.059

Cited by 384 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Harnessing this enormous agricultural waste for energy utilization to serve as feedstock for power plants and also for the production of bio-oils is considered important. The fact that they are abundantly available are amongst the economic reasons of employing them as the major source for renewable energy [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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Biomass is the most utilised form of renewable energy, especially in developing nations, and is a possible replacement for fossil fuel in power generation. The most commonly used method for recovering energy from biomass is combustion. Many countries are exploring the utilisation of energy crops and indigenous residues to deliver sustainable sources of biomass. For these bioresources, detailed characterisation of the fuel properties is essential in order to optimise the combustion processes. In this study, some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one 2 abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE) were characterised for their combustion properties. Standard characterisation methods such as proximate and ultimate analyses, metals analysis, and ash fusion test were used for this purpose and the results were compared to some UK biomass. In addition, their thermal conversion was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatographyÐmass spectrometry. Finally, combustion studies were conducted by suspending single biomass particles in a methane flame to obtain information on reactivities and combustion characteristics. Results indicate that the ash fractions in the Nigerian woods were low in K, Si, and Ca, resulting in low calculated alkali indices, hence these fuels are not predicted to cause severe fouling problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the evolved product during devolatilisation from Py-GC-MS suggests that the content of oil is high in Gmelina. Finally, the results from the single particle combustion experiments revealed longer char burn out rate for Lophira and Nauclea when compared with those of Terminalia and Gmelina.Keywords: biomass, torrefaction, energy, combustion, pyrolysis. Nigeria has large reserves of gas and solid minerals, and the largest oil reserves in Africa.Consequently the country has a very high dependence on crude oil, which contributes seedling nurseries, and plantation management [7]. Woods in the plantations include Gmelina, Terminalia, teak, eucalyptus, and pine. Tropical rain forest is the major source of timber supply and energy crops in Nigeria with high plant diversity of over 4,600 plant species. The forest covers 10% of the countryÕs land area with over 560 tree species at a range of about 30 to 70 species per hectare for trees ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) [8].Terminalia superba is a tree found in the tropical lowland forest in Nigeria. The tree is planted around April at the beginning of the rainy season, and thrives on rich, well-drained alluvial soils, although it can also be cultivated on other soil types namely lateritic sands, gravel and clays, lava, black basaltic clays and crystalline soils. The wood air dries rapidly, degrades slightly and is lightweight to medium-weight, with a density ranging from 370Ð730 kg/m³ at a moisture content of about 12% [9]. Once the wood is dried, it becomes stable. The chemical composition

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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“…These factors are subsequently compared with other parameters, including: the heating rate, peak temperature, different temperature zone, reaction interval, particle size and weight loss Gil et al, 2010;Idris et al, 2012;Idris et al, 2010;Khare et al, 2011;M. V. Kok, 2012;.…”

Section: (C) Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the non-isothermal kinetic method is less time consuming than the isothermal kinetic method. It has been proposed that the nonisothermal thermal kinetic method is simpler to use and can provide a good indicator to characterise the propensity of coal to spontaneous combustion Gil et al, 2010;Idris et al, 2012;Idris et al, 2010;Khare et al, 2011;M. V. Kok, 2012;.…”

Section: Rate Study or Kinetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basil Beamish, Barakat, & St. George, 2001;Clemens, Matheson, & Rogers, 1991;Cliff, Rowlands, & Sleeman, 1996;Cudmore, 1988;Humphreys et al, 1981 ;Ren, Edwards, & Clarke, 1999;Rosin, 1929;A. C. Smith & Lazzara, 1987;); thermal analysisdifferential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (S. C. Banerjee, 2000; S.C. Banerjee & Chakraborty, 1967;Gil, Casal, Pevida, Pis, & Rubiera, 2010;Idris, Rahman, & Ismail, 2012;Idris et al, 2010;Khare, Baruah, & Rao, 2011;M. V. Kok, 2012;C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mine regulators as well as mine operators requires these tests to predict spontaneous combustion/ fire risk to minimise hazards for ensuring safety of miners and machine for sustainable growth. The oxygen avidity studies mainly include the performance of a peroxy complex analysis (S. C. Banerjee, 2000;Sen, Srivastava, & Singh, 2009), rate of reaction studies Gil et al, 2010;Idris et al, 2012;Idris et al, 2010;Khare et al, 2011;M. V. Kok, 2012;, the determination of the Russian U-index (S. C. Banerjee, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of experimental methods to determine spontaneous combustion susceptibility of coal – Indian context

Mohalik

Lester

Lowndes

2016

International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment

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Investigation of biomass ash thermal decomposition by thermogravimetry using raw and artificial ashes

Meng

Zhou

et al. 2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The effects of alkali oxide (K 2 O), calcium oxide (CaO) and ratio of silicon oxide to aluminum oxide (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) on the thermal decomposition of biomass ashes and artificial ashes were examined by using thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. It was observed that mass losses due to mineral evolution from the ashes mainly occur during three temperature ranges: (a) low temperature, 70-250°C; (b) moderate temperature, 350-450°C; and (c) high temperature, 600-1100°C. The ratios of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 almost have no obvious effects of on the mass loss. The CaO content mainly contributes to the peaks at moderate temperature. The alkali contents show clear effects on the TG and DTG curves. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained based on the first-order assumption for the separate splitting consecutive reaction. The kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of biomass ashes to some extent confirms that the initial deformation temperature during ash fusion test is susceptible to the K 2 O evolution at low temperature. It also helps understand the inorganic compounds partitioning during the biomass combustions and thereof effects on the ash fusion temperature.

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Investigation on thermochemical behaviour of low rank Malaysian coal, oil palm biomass and their blends during pyrolysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Cited by 384 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Review of experimental methods to determine spontaneous combustion susceptibility of coal – Indian context

Investigation of biomass ash thermal decomposition by thermogravimetry using raw and artificial ashes

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