Investigation on the Stability and Efficiency of MAPbI₃ and MASnI₃ Thin Films for Solar Cells

Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic halides are considered as outstanding materials when used as the absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its efficiency, relieve of fabrication and low‐cost materials. However, the content of lead (Pb) in the material may origin a dramatic after effect on human's health caused by its toxicity. Here, we investigate replacing the lead in MAPbI3 with tin (Sn) to show its influence on the growth of the film nucleation and stability of the solar device based on MASnI3. By analysing the manufactured perovskite films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the properties of the thin films when lead is replaced by tin are reported. The simulation run for the case of MAPbI3 is reported, where Voc = 0.856 V, Jsc = 25.65 mA cm−2, FF = 86.09%, and ETA = 18.91%, and for MASnI3, Voc = 0.887 V, Jsc = 14.02 mA cm−2, FF = 83.72%, and ETA = 10.42%. In perovskite‐based devices using MASnI3 as absorber, it was found to be more stable despite of its lower efficiency, which could be improved by enhancing the bandgap alignment of MaSnI3. The results of this paper also allow the development of a new, reliable production system for PSCs.

Perovskites: Emergence of highly efficient third‐generation solar cells

“…In the XRD patterns (Figures 10A,B), the most prominent peak (110) of MASnI 3 is broader and more intense than that of MAPbI 3 , owing to a larger crystallite size in MASnI 3 (calculated by Scherrer equation). The SEM (Figures 10C,D) and AFM (Figures 10E,F) analysis of both materials shows that MASnI 3 (403 nm) has an enlarged grain size compared to MAPbI 3 (302 nm) 73 . Measurements by using various theoretical and experimental techniques show that MASnI 3 has a lower bandgap than MAPbI 3 (Figure 10G).…”

“…The SEM (Figures 10C,D) and AFM (Figures 10E,F) analysis of both materials shows that MASnI 3 (403 nm) has an enlarged grain size compared to MAPbI 3 (302 nm). 73 Measurements by using various theoretical and experimental techniques show that MASnI 3 has a lower bandgap than MAPbI 3 (Figure 10G). 74 Along with superior optoelectronic properties like higher absorption in the visible region, Snbased perovskites also possess higher carrier mobility, 46 which is an essential requirement for the active solar cell layer.…”

“…I G U R E 1 0 A comparative study of XRD patterns (Figure 10A,B), SEM images (Figure 10C,D), AFM (Figure 10E,F), and band gap measurements (using theoretical and experimental methods) (Figure 10G) of MAPbI 3 and MASnI 3 done by Julia et al and Umari et alReprinted with permission from Reference[73,74] …”

Investigation of the Surface Coating, Humidity Degradation, and Recovery of Perovskite Film Phase for Solar-Cell Applications

“…SACPS-1D, over years, has proven to be a significant tool for understanding the physics of solar cells and it has been comprehensively used for perovskite solar cells [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. SCAPS also calculates AC quantities, electron/hole densities, quantum efficiencies (QE%)/spectral response, total recombination currents, energy band diagrams, and current density vs. voltage characteristics [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ] It is based on drift-diffusion differential equations and Poisson’s carrier (electron/hole transport) continuity equations [ 63 , 64 ].…”

The Development of iDPC-STEM and Its Application in Electron Beam Sensitive Materials

“… Photoinduced Degradation  Low-dose HRTEM, SAED [134] HAADF-STEM and EELS MAPbI3 and MASnI3  Periodic structure determines  HRTEM and SAED [135] FAPbBr3-WS2 and MoS2  Periodic structure evolution  HRTEM and SAED [136] (CsPbI3)0.05((FAPbI3)…”