“…The relation of particle morphology of fly ash and cement paste properties, including the fluidity and strength, is studied widely. It is generally accepted that the spherical shape morphology and vitreous character of fly ash provides the lubricant effect [ 31 ] and ball-bearing effect [ 11 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], which improve the fluidity of concrete effectively [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In these studies, spherical particles in fly ash, reduce the internal friction and lubricate the surface of cement particles, which is similar with the effect of balls.…”