Investigation on the optical, spectral, electrical, mechanical, and laser damage threshold studies of bis (4-acetylanilinium) tetrachloridozincate (B4ATCZ) crystal

Abstract

An efficient semi-organic nonlinear optical bis (4-acetylanilinium) tetrachloridozincate [(C8H10NO)2 ZnCl4] (B4ATCZ) single crystal was synthesized and successfully grown by the slow evaporation method. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data confirm that B4ATCZ crystallized into an orthorhombic crystal system (Cmca). The UV–Vis–NIR transmittance spectrum was taken to assess the optical transmission, cut-off wavelength, and bandgap energy. The TG–DSC investigation ensures that the B4ATCZ is stable up to 235 °C. The mechanical behavior of the B4ATCZ compound was determined by Vickers Microhardness analysis. The surface laser-induced damage threshold value of the grown B4ATCZ crystal was endowed to be 19.78 GW/cm2 on testing with 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser radiation. The positive photoconductive properties and charge transport mechanism of B4ATCZ crystal were analyzed through photoconductivity and dielectric studies. The electron excitation and lifetime measurements of the molecules in the B4ATCZ crystal were studied by fluorescence spectral analysis. The HOMO–LUMO analysis evidently interprets the occurrence of N–H⋯O and N–H⋯Cl intermolecular hydrogen bonds influencing the charge transfer in the system. The electrostatic potential surface reveals the possible sites for hydrogen bonding electrophilic and nucleophilic interactions. Third-order nonlinear optical activity evaluated by the Z-scan measurements indicates the self-focusing and reverse saturable absorption in the crystal. The aforesaid results affirm that the metal-organic B4ATCZ is a potential material for optoelectronic and nonlinear optical device applications.

Boosting the broadband orange emission in organic–inorganic hybrid (DPG)3InBr6viaantimony doping

“…42 Moreover, the asymmetric and widening emission of DPG·HBr near 470 nm is due to the existence of several electronic transitions at different energy levels within the bandgap. 43 As reported, the violet and blue emission can be assigned to shallow defects in the band-gap and the π–π* transition in organic cation. 44,45 Subsequently, the PL decay of (DPG) 3 InBr 6 and DPG·HBr was monitored at 470 nm as shown in Fig.…”

Analysis of the growth and physicochemical properties of the newly developed stilbazolium derivative 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium 2-formyl benzene sulfonate (DSFS) single crystal: an effective material for nonlinear optical applications

“…This strong RSA effect is because of the higher absorption of molecules in the higher energy level state when compared with the ground state. 58 β is directly derived from the standard equation: 59 Δ T represents the valley at the focus in the open aperture curve.…”

“…The real and imaginary parts of χ (3) can be directly derived from the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear coefficient of absorption with the following equations: 59 Coupling factor ( ρ ) is calculated for the obtained experimental results by adopting two methods: one directly by taking the ratio between the imaginary and real parts by using eqn (15) : 60 The other method is by taking the ratio between Δ T and Δ Φ 0 of the open and closed aperture Z scan curves, respectively: The calculated values from eqn (15) and (16) are 0.23 and 0.17, respectively. Both the values lie well within the critical value of the coupling factor , which clearly indicates the validation of the obtained experimental data.…”

“…The real and imaginary parts of c (3) can be directly derived from the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear coefficient of absorption with the following equations: 59 Rec ð3Þ ðesuÞ ¼…”