Investigation on the charging process of Li2O2-based air electrodes in Li–O2 batteries with organic carbonate electrolytes

Xu, Wu; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Wang, Deyu; Towne, Silas A.; Xiao, Jie; Nie, Zimin; Hu, Dehong; Zhang, Ji‐Guang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.12.065

Cited by 231 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Following this study, several researchers were able to determine the mechanism by which carbonate-based electrolyte decomposition occurs. [ 67,[69][70][71][72][73] For example, Zhang et al [ 73 ] carried out density functional theory (DFT) calculations and determined that the ring opening of PC in the presence of solvated species such as O 2 − , LiO 2 , LiO 2 − , and Li 2 O 2 has no energy barriers ( Figure 3 ), facilitating the formation of Li 2 CO 3 and lithium alkylcarbonate. The presence of these compounds was confi rmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).…”

Section: Carbonate-based Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: Carbonate-based Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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“…The conclusion obtained is: The electrode construction is similar with that of a cathode in a Li-O 2 cell. 36 All the electrochemical cells were assembled in an Ar-filled glove box using a pouch cell . 37 The cells were mounted in transmission mode, and an Oxford diffraction Titan CCD was used to collect diffraction pattern.…”

Section: The Effect Of the External Potential On The Electrochemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Electrochemical Decomposition of Li₂O₂ under X-ray Illumination

Liu

Roberts

Younesi

et al. 2013

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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This work presents the first report detailing the effect of X-rays on the electrochemical decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , which is the main reaction during the charging process in a Li-O 2 battery. An operando synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) experiment was performed. The results indicate that the electrochemical decomposition of Li 2 O 2 is dramatically accelerated under X-ray irradiation. The accelerated decomposition of Li 2 O 2 follows a zero-order reaction, and the decomposition rate constant is proportional to the intensity of X-ray used. A mechanism for the electrochemical decomposition of Li 2 O 2 under X-ray irradiation is proposed. These results give an insight into the charging process in Li-O 2 batteries. TOC GRAPHICS KEYWORDS:Li-O 2 battery, synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, fast charging, operando measurement, photoelectric effect, photoelectrochemistry, light-assisted electrochemical etching 3 In 1839, the photoelectric effect was first discovered by Becquerel who found that current could be generated without any external potential when AgCl was placed in an acidic solution and illuminated while connected to a Pt electrode. In the 1950's, researchers at Bell Labs began to study the possible use of photo-electrochemical effects to convert solar energy into electric power. 1 In 1972, Fujishima and Honda first reported that UV light irradiation enhanced the electrochemical decomposition of water using TiO 2 as a photocatalyst. 2 Their work triggered a rapid development of the photo-electrochemical cell. Many fundamental and applied advances have to day been achieved in the fields of environment and energy. [3][4] In those photoelectrochemical systems, the photoactive material as a charge carrier plays a catalytic role in the reaction, and its composition does not change after each cycle of interactions. Equally, photo energy can directly speed up the electrochemical transformation of target materials, which means the substance can be electrochemically decomposed or generated under electromagnetic irradiation. UV or visible light has shown some applications in this field. 5 However, the use of X-rays as a special light source has not been reported in the electrochemical transformation of solid materials.The electrochemical decomposition of Li 2 O 2 is the charging reaction in a non-aqueous Li-O 2 battery, which largely influences the charging rate, overpotential and rechargeability of the system. 6 Besides several issues like instability of electrolytes, 7-9 poor performance of lithium metal anode, 10-11 etc., one challenge for the Li-O 2 battery is to increase the kinetics of the electrode reaction, especially for the charging process. 12 Another conundrum is that the decomposition mechanism of Li 2 O 2 is not yet clear. 13 X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been applied as a simple, useful and direct measurement to investigate the formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 for various designs of Li-O 2 battery. 14-18 However, the low scattering ability of lithium and 4 oxygen a...

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“…22,23 Moreover, the stability of binders within Li-O 2 battery has been questioned. [24][25][26] Black et al 26 observed the decomposition of poly(vinylidene difluoride), one of the widely used binders in Li-O 2 batteries, through dehydrofluorination along with the formation of H 2 O 2 by the chemically generated LiO 2 . Therefore, design and preparation of a binder-free cathode with optimally porous structure for high-performance Li-O 2 batteries are urgent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium functionalized graphene aerogels with hierarchical and three-dimensional porosity as a free-standing cathode for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

Jiang

Tong

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Although possessing extremely high energy density, lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) battery suffered from large charge overpotential, low round-trip efficiency and poor cycling life, which limited the practical application of this smart system. Ru particles functionalized graphene aerogels (Ru-GAs) were designed and directly used as a free-standing cathode for Li-O 2 battery. The Ru-GAs showed hierarchical pores, which had the pore volumes of 2.8 and 14.1 cm 3 g − 1 below and above critical pore diameter of 100 nm. The Ru-GA cathode in Li-O 2 battery delivered a high capacity of more than 12 000 mAh g − 1 and excellent cycling retention, which was mainly attributed to the three-dimensional porosity, abundant active sites with Ru particles and chemical stability arising from the character of binder-free cathode. Based on the results of in situ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the reaction mechanism during charge process in aprotic electrolyte was proposed by the theory of three oxidation stages.

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Investigation on the charging process of Li2O2-based air electrodes in Li–O2 batteries with organic carbonate electrolytes

Cited by 231 publications

References 16 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Accelerated Electrochemical Decomposition of Li₂O₂ under X-ray Illumination

Ruthenium functionalized graphene aerogels with hierarchical and three-dimensional porosity as a free-standing cathode for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

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Investigation on the charging process of Li2O2-based air electrodes in Li–O2 batteries with organic carbonate electrolytes

Cited by 231 publications

References 16 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Accelerated Electrochemical Decomposition of Li2O2 under X-ray Illumination

Ruthenium functionalized graphene aerogels with hierarchical and three-dimensional porosity as a free-standing cathode for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

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Product

Resources

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Accelerated Electrochemical Decomposition of Li₂O₂ under X-ray Illumination