Ruthenium functionalized graphene aerogels with hierarchical and three-dimensional porosity as a free-standing cathode for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

Jiang, Jie; He, Ping; Tong, Shengfu; Zheng, Mingbo; Lin, Zhien; Zhang, Xueping; Shi, Yi; Zhou, Haoshen

doi:10.1038/am.2015.141

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[59] The Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 phase has a 3D framework structure composed of (Ge 0.5 P 0.5 )S 4 , PS 4 , LiS 4 tetrahedra, and LiS 6 octahedra, as shown in Figure 2d. In this structure, Li ions migrate through a 1D pathway along the c axis, which is formed by LiS 4 tetrahedra sharing a common edge and forming a 1D tetrahedron chain.…”

Section: Crystalline Thio-lisiconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, interest in Li-air [4][5][6] (or Li-O 2 as oxygen is the cathode active component) and Li-S batteries [7][8][9] has increased because of their high theoretical capacities and energy densities, which are suitable for remote transportation. Abraham and Jiang introduced the first rechargeable Li-O 2 battery in 1996, [10] although it drew little interest until Bruce and co-workers proved the rechargeability of Li 2 O 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Liu

Zhou

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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batteries based on intercalation materials cannot meet the demands of long-distance transport (i.e., >300 km).Recently, interest in Li-air [4][5][6] (or Li-O 2 as oxygen is the cathode active component) and Li-S batteries [7][8][9] has increased because of their high theoretical capacities and energy densities, which are suitable for remote transportation. Abraham and Jiang introduced the first rechargeable Li-O 2 battery in 1996, [10] although it drew little interest until Bruce and co-workers proved the rechargeability of Li 2 O 2 . [11] Li-O 2 cells possess significant strength because oxygen gas can be obtained from ambient air. Li-ions react with oxygen according to Equation (1), and Li 2 O 2 is the discharge product with an equilibrium potential of 2.96 V, delivering a large specific energy of 3600 W h kg −1 . Investigations on Li-S cell date back to the 1940s. The insulating nature of sulfur, Li 2 S 2 , and Li 2 S and the solubility of polysulfide intermediates greatly hinder its development. Fortunately, recent studies on new electrolytes and nanostructured material design provide merits and opportunities in developing Li-S batteries. Similar to Li-O 2 batteries, Li-S batteries, which contain inexpensive and abundant sulfur as positive electrode material, produce an average voltage of 2.15 V and possess a theoretical energy density of up to 2600 W h kg −1 , as further indicated by Equation (2). Many studies showed that intermediate polysulfide is produced during the discharge process where Li 2 S is formed as the final product. Typically, Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries both adopt Li metal as anode. The reason is that Li possesses the largest capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) versus standard hydrogen electrodes. Thus, Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries are considered to be promising next-generation energy storage systems for PEVs and HEVs However, despite the advantages of Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries, they exhibit ignitability, toxicity, liquid leakage, and volatilization because of their organic liquid electrolyte components. Moreover, Li dendrites form during cycling, resulting in internal short circuit that leads to combustion and even cell explosion. [12,13] More seriously, the charging process in Li-air

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Section: Crystalline Thio-lisiconmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Liu

Zhou

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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190

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“…As noted in the previous paper, these by-products were derived from electrolyte decomposition and the reaction between Li 2 O 2 and carbon on discharge. [40][41][42] The second discharge capacity was 11 455 mAh g − 1 , and the corresponding charge capacity achieved was at 9701 mAh g − 1 , indicating that irreversible reactions still occurred after the first cycle. Recently, it has been reported that by applying a trace amount of water in electrolytes, it can significantly reduce the charge overpotential and result in a small discharge-charge potential gap owing to the reversible formation and decomposition crystalline LiOH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

Seo

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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The electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries can be markedly improved through designing the architecture of cathode electrodes with sufficient spaces to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen and accommodate the discharge products, and optimizing the cathode catalyst to promote the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report the synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) nanocrystal-decorated vertically aligned graphene nanosheets (VGNS) grown on nickel (Ni) foam. As an effective binder-free cathode catalyst for Li-O 2 batteries, the Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can significantly reduce the charge overpotential via the effects on the OER and achieve high specific capacity, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. The Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrode has demonstrated low charge overpotential of~0.45 V and high reversible capacity of 23 864 mAh g − 1 at the current density of 200 mA g − 1 , which can be maintained for 50 cycles under full charge and discharge testing condition in the voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V. Furthermore, Ru nanocrystal decorated VGNS@Ni foam can be cycled for more than 200 cycles with a low overpotential of 0.23 V under the capacity curtained to be 1000 mAh g − 1 at a current density of 200 mA g − 1 . Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrodes have also achieved excellent high rate and long cyclability performance. This superior electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the unique three-dimensional porous nanoarchitecture of the VGNS@Ni foam electrodes, which provide sufficient pores for the diffusion of oxygen and storage of the discharge product (Li 2 O 2 ), and the effective catalytic effect of Ru nanocrystals on the OER, respectively. Ex situ field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can effectively decompose the discharge product Li 2 O 2 , facilitate the OER and lead to a high round-trip efficiency. Therefore, Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam is a promising cathode catalyst for rechargeable Li-O 2 batteries with low charge overpotential, long cycle life and high specific capacity.

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“…Since the nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries have dominated the research efforts on the Li-O 2 battery systems during the past decade, we mainly concentrate on the organic electrolytes for nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries. [17,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The performance of the Li-O 2 batteries is highly dependent on the electrolyte due to the importance of stability against nucleophilic attack by highly sensitive intermediate radicals in an oxygen-rich electrochemical environment, along with the oxygen solubility and diffusivity. Otherwise, some side reactions associated with the decomposition of electrolyte or air cathode would arise, leading to poor cycling performance and limited rate capability.…”

Section: Publication Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electrolytes in Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

Guo

Luo

Chen

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Based on an inexhaustible and ubiquitous source of oxygen, the lithium-oxygen batteries are currently the subject of much scientific investigation because of their potential for extremely high energy density. The electrocatalytic materials for them have been extensively researched during the past decade. Even though they are a key component in the lithium-oxygen batteries, however, the study of electrolytes is still in its primary stage. Electrolytes have an important influence on the electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen batteries, especially on their cycling stability and rate capacity. Therefore, it is important to select an ideal electrolyte with excellent stability against attack by reaction intermediates, along with excellent oxygen solubility and diffusivity. In this review, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of organic electrolytes for lithium-oxygen batteries are discussed and compared. Furthermore, possible research directions are proposed for the development of an ideal electrolyte for enhanced electrochemical performance. Disciplines Engineering | Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication DetailsGuo, H., Luo, W., Chen, J., Chou, S., Liu, H. & Wang, J. (2018 Figure 1. Unlike the intercalation mechanism of lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries, the Li-O 2 battery systems employ a dissolution/ deposition reaction with an air electrode that uses oxygen as the cathode electrode during the electrochemical processes. Research on the Li-O 2 battery is complicated by the need for exposure the air cathode to O 2 atmosphere.Many advances have been achieved, which include advances on cathode materials, electrolytes, anode materials, and redox mediators. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Several excellent reviews have been published to summarize recent developments and our current understanding of Li-O 2 batteries, especially with respect to the cathode electrocatalytic materials. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] These reviews have comprehensively discussed the relationship between the structure of electrocatalytic materials and the electrochemical performance of Li-O 2 batteries. There are, however, few reviews focused on the effects of different electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of the Li-O 2 batteries. [36][37][38] For the aqueous Li-O 2 batteries, LiOH is generated or oxidized at the cathode during discharge and charge processes because H 2 O and O 2 are involved in the reactions. In the case of the nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries, there are two essential processes that determine their electrochemical performance: the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). During the ORR process, the Li 2 O 2 is precipitated as the final discharge product on the air cathode, while during the OER process, Li 2 O 2 is then decomposed and the O 2 is regenerated. Therefore, there are huge differences between aqueous and nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries. Since the nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries have dominated ...

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Ruthenium functionalized graphene aerogels with hierarchical and three-dimensional porosity as a free-standing cathode for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries

Cited by 80 publications

References 40 publications

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

Review of Electrolytes in Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

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