“…Several techniques have been proposed or adopted to improve this model, such as the differential scheme [11], surface elastic deformation [12,13], surface plastic deformation [14,15], entrainment angle [16,17], and progressive mesh densification (PMD) method [18]. Moreover, the transient squeezing effect of oil film caused by dynamic changes in load, contact geometry, and speed should be considered, such as during startup, shutdown [19,20], and impact [21,22], as well as in various gears [23,24] and cam followers [25,26]. For spiral bevel gears, Pu et al [27] presented a mixed lubrication model considering both the 3D machined roughness and velocity angle between two contact surfaces; based on the numerical simulation results, the friction and flash temperature were further predicted.…”