Investigation on Peste des Petits Ruminants Outbreak in Goats of Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Haq, Adil Anamul; Santhamani, Ramasamy; Chakravarti, Soumendu; Yadav, Ajay; Rajak, Kaushal Kishor; Upmanyu, Vikramaditya; Sinha, Dharmendra Kumar; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Rabindra Prasad

doi:10.5958/0973-9149.2017.00007.7

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Moreover, only 12 out of 27 epi-units tested covering 26 blocks in 17 districts, had >70% prevalence level of PPRV antibodies. It indicates mass vaccination may not be practiced in all the districts in UP as per the stipulated strategic plan [12,33], even though, tested samples showed an overall seroprevalence of 79.39% In J&K state, so far, quite a number of the outbreaks have been reported and fairly prevalent in nomadic sheep and goats with the evidence of natural transmission [30,34], as the state has not adopted vaccination program. The observed overall base level of 32.58% (34.65% [219/632] in sheep and 30.81% [195/633] in goats) seroprevalence might be due to the non-adoption of the mass vaccination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northern zonal region of India representing both a geographic and political or zonal administrative section of the country, and it comprises the states of Haryana, HP, J&K, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh (UP), and UK, and the Union Territories (UTs) of Delhi and Chandigarh. In this region, PPR outbreaks in some states have been reported continuously since 1996 [4,[12][13][14][15][16], and many states have not implemented the PPR-CP, though directed to adopt since 2014-2015 (http://www.dahd.nic.in/) and the outbreaks are being reported substantially. Delhi, and Chandigarh UTs were excluded in this study due to the very small geographical area, meager animal population, as well as no PPR outbreaks were reported (http://www.dahd.nic.in/).…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious, World Organization for Animal Health notifiable, economically important, transboundary morbilliviral disease of sheep and goats. Studying seroprevalence of PPR from different geographical areas under varying agro-climatic conditions may help in formulating effective and appropriate disease control strategies under the ongoing national PPR control program. The present cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of PPR virus antibodies in sheep and goats in the various epidemiological units in different states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh [HP], Jammu and Kashmir [J&K], Punjab, Uttarakhand [UK], and Uttar Pradesh [UP]) of the northern region of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 5843 serum samples (sheep [n=2463] and goats [n=3380]) were collected by stratified random sampling method from 322 epidemiological units in the studied region during 2017-2018 and tested for PPR virus (PPRV) antibodies by competitive ELISA. Results: The results revealed that an overall seroprevalence of 44.05% (2574/5843) with 57.32%, 55.22%, 65.69%, 37.09%, 32.73%, and 29.35% prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Haryana, Punjab, UP, HP, J&K, and UK states, respectively. Further, Chi-squared test revealed an association of PPRV antibodies in goats (χ2=252.28, p<0.01) and sheep (χ2=192.12, p<0.01) across different states in the region. Conclusion: The seroprevalence in majority of the epidemiological units (n=130) in sheep and goats in the studied region had <30%. This necessitates comprehensive, rigorous, continuous vaccination and active surveillance programs for few more years to achieve the desired 70% seroprevalence level of PPRV antibodies in population and to make the northern region of India, as PPR free zone.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

et al. 2020

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Africa and Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence in sheep and goats between 1969 and 2018

Ahaduzzaman

2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a prevalent viral disease of sheep and goats that impacts productivity and international animal trade. Despite the substantial economic consequences related to PPR, little is known about the prevalence of this disease at the broad geographical levels. Objective The present study aimed to use a systematic approach to assess the regional prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats, and the associated factors that contribute to prevalence estimates. Methods Published articles on PPR in sheep and goats were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and the reference lists of articles reporting the prevalence from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 2018. Articles were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Since the heterogeneity among the studies was significant, pooled prevalences were estimated by a random effect meta‐analysis model. Results Data on the prevalence of PPR were obtained from Africa and Asia, where the pooled prevalence estimates were 40.99% (95% CI: 37.20%–44.79%) and 38.43% (95% CI: 35.64%–41.22%) respectively. Overall, the estimated pooled prevalence at Africa‐Asia level in sheep was 39.31% (95% CI: 35.75%–42.88%) and in goats was 39.57% (95% CI: 36.66%–42.48%). Significant heterogeneity (I2 > 80%) was noted in most pooled estimates. Conclusion The results on the regional prevalence estimates of PPR presented here will be useful in raising awareness and advocating for Governments to engage in initiatives to eradicate PPR and prevent it from spreading to other continents.

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Pheno- and genotypic characterization and identification of novel subtypes of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in domestic and captive wild goats in Northern Iraq

Khoran¹,

Candlan²,

Hassan

et al. 2021

BMC Microbiol

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Background Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute or peracute contagious transboundary viral disease that mainly affects caprine and ovine and causes significant economic impact in developing countries. After two PPR virus outbreaks in 2011 and 2014, an investigation, from August 2015 to September 2016, was carried out in Northern Iraq when an increased morbidity and mortality rates were reported in the domestic and captive wild goats. In the present study, ten domestic goat farms and seven captive wild goat herds located in seven geographical areas of Northern Iraq were clinically, pathologically, serologically and genotypically characterized to determine the prevalence and potential cause of PPR virus outbreak. Results The outbreak occurred with rate of morbidity (26.1%) and mortality (11.1%) in domestic goat farms as compared to captive wild goat herds where relatively high mortality (42.9%) and low morbidity (10.9%) rates were recorded. Based on the clinical symptoms (mucopurulent nasal discharges, ulceration and erosion of oral mucosa, profuse watery diarrhea) and necropsy (hemorrhage and congestion on mucous membranes of the colon and rectum with zebra stripes lesions) results, overall, the serological test findings revealed a high frequency (47.9%) of positive samples for anti-PPRV nucleoprotein antibodies. Furthermore, the nucleoprotein (N) gene was detected in 63.2 and 89.1% of samples using conventional and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR assays. A phylogenetic analysis of N gene amino acid sequences clustered with the reference strain revealed lineage IV similar to the strains isolated in 2011 and 2014, respectively. However, two sub-types of lineage IV (I and II), significantly distinct from the previous strains, were also observed. Conclusion The phylogenetic analysis suggests that movements of goats are possible cause and one of the important factors responsible for the spread of virus across the region. The study results would help in improving farm management practices by establishing a PPR virus eradication program using regular monitoring and vaccination program to control and mitigate the risk of re-emergence of PPR virus infection in domestic and captive wild goats in Iraq.

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Investigation on Peste des Petits Ruminants Outbreak in Goats of Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Africa and Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence in sheep and goats between 1969 and 2018

Pheno- and genotypic characterization and identification of novel subtypes of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in domestic and captive wild goats in Northern Iraq

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