Investigation on interlayer phase morphology evolution of “<i>Ex‐Situ</i>” toughened composite laminate

Ding, Yanyu; Yao, Xinglong; Gong, Chenchen; Chen, Qifeng; Ren, Bin

doi:10.1002/pc.25227

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As previously reported, the two-phase structure in the TP/TS blends system may be formed via PIPS, which can improve the toughness of thermoset matrix significantly. [15,18] The studies showed that the phase morphology of TP/TS mixtures had a close relationship with the initial TP concentration, [19][20][21] molecular structure, [22][23] and the curing temperature. [24][25] With the TP content increased, the phase morphology of mixtures transformed from the islands-sea structure to bicontinuous structure, and finally in the form of phaseinverted structure.…”

Section: Cell Structures and Phase Morphologies Of Fre-foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Ding

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Thermoplastic phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) (PEK‐C) /epoxy composite foams were prepared by free foaming process (Fre‐foams) and limited foaming process (Lim‐foams), respectively, and the effects of PEK‐C content and foaming methods on the cell structures, phase morphologies, and impact strength of epoxy foams were investigated. The results showed that the gas pressure in the bubbles promoted the resin curing process and polymerization‐induced phase separation process (PIPS) during the free foaming process, while the resin curing process and PIPS were highly constrained in Lim‐foams. The incorporation of PEK‐C in the Fre‐foams showed superior improvement in impact strength compared with the PEK‐C/epoxy Lim‐foams. By adding 12 wt% PEK‐C, the specific impact strength of Fre‐foams could be enhanced by 72%, and the improved specific impact strength was because the phase‐inverted structures could prevent crack initiation and propagation, and moreover the presence of PEK‐C led to significantly refine cell structure and reduce foam density. Interestingly, the impact strength of Lim‐foams was nearly independent on the PEK‐C content, it was attributed to the obviously increased cell size with increasing PEK‐C content, and also that the phase separation process was not carried out.

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Section: Cell Structures and Phase Morphologies Of Fre-foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Ding

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…A typical viscosity profile of dissolved thermoplastic/epoxy blends was shown in Figure 2(b). [29][30][31] The initially complex viscosity of the dissolved blends decreases abruptly and then levels off with the increase in temperature. As the temperature further increased, curing reaction of the epoxy resin accrued.…”

Section: Rheological Behaviour Of the Undissolved Pek/ Dgeba/m-dicy Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyetherketone powder/epoxy blends with low viscosity and high mechanical properties

Wang

et al. 2020

High Performance Polymers

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The difficult forming process and construction caused by high viscosity has been the main problem restricting the application of high-performance thermoplastic/epoxy blends. In this contribution, low viscous polyetherketone (PEK)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) blends were prepared by mixing the ultrafine PEK powder and DGEBA monomer at ambient temperature. Rheological behaviour shows that complex viscosity of the undissolved blends containing 20 wt% PEK powder is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the dissolved one. Interestingly, diffusion and phase separation of PEK powder in the undissolved PEK/DGEBA/2-methylimidazole/dicyandiamide (M-DICY) blends are affected by the curing processes. Phase-inverted morphology was observed after curing at 120°C/1h + 160°C/0.5 h for the undissolved 20 wt% PEK/DGEBA/M-DICY blends which also exhibited outstanding tensile strength and lap shear strength both at 298 and 77 K. We believe this work should provide a new insight into the preparation of advanced thermoplastic/epoxy blends.

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“…Based on the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing, Zhu et al (2016) proposed an expression for PMB free energy with a hypothetical dilution process as a simplification. Some other researchers recently adopted this expression and investigated the phase behaviour of polymer composites as well as PE-and SBS-modified bitumen (Ding, Yao, Gong, Chen, & Ren, 2019;Liang, Xin, Fan, Wang, Jiang, et al, 2019;Liang, Xin, Fan, Wang, & Sun, 2019). This dilution simplification can be interpreted by solubility bodies.…”

Section: Proposed Free Energy For Pmb: Hypothetical Dilutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for phase behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen: a review

Zhu

Balieu

Wang

2019

Road Materials and Pavement Design

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Advances related to the use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for the phase behaviour study of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) are reviewed in this paper. The origin and effects of PMB phase behaviour are criticised with a focus on PMB storage stability, morphology and swelling ratio. An overview of the solubility approach for studying PMB is given regarding the historical and future developments. Free energy expressions for PMB systems are analysed, including the free energy of mixing, elastic free energy and gradient energy. The kinetic aspects are discussed with respect to the diffusion and flow processes. It is indicated that the solubility bodies in the three-dimensional Hansen space and their degree of intersection can be useful for analysing the PMB thermodynamic equilibrium and thus storage stability. But they give no indication by themselves on the PMB morphology. With solubility parameters linked to the PMB free energy, however, an integrated thermodynamic approach can assist in understanding both PMB storage stability and morphology comprehensively. Due to the chemical complexity of bitumen and certain modifiers, the solubility body centres and radiuses should be both considered for a proper expression of the polymer-bitumen interaction in PMB. A hypothetical dilution process can simplify this process, but with limitations. The introduction of elastic free energy may lead to a new and more realistic expression of free energy for PMB system. With this overview, it is expected that a preliminary foundation is established towards a comprehensive and realistic thermodynamic framework for interpreting and predicting PMB phase behaviour.

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Investigation on interlayer phase morphology evolution of “Ex‐Situ” toughened composite laminate

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams

Polyetherketone powder/epoxy blends with low viscosity and high mechanical properties

The use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for phase behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen: a review

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