The use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for phase behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen: a review

Zhu, Jiqing; Balieu, Romain; Wang, Haopeng

doi:10.1080/14680629.2019.1645725

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…It is reported that the total solubility parameters of NR and SBR are around 16.9 and 18.1 MPa 0.5 , respectively (Mark et al 2013). In addition, solubility parameters for bitumens are in the range 17.2-18.8 MPa 0.5 (Zhu et al 2019). Thus, the similarity between the solubility parameters of bitumen and natural and SR indicates that bitumen is a swelling agent of both rubbers.…”

Section: Effect Of Bitumen Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The solubility parameter of the polymer is taken as the d value of the solvent which enables the maximum extent of swelling (Redelius 2000(Redelius , 2004. Comparing to the average solubility parameter values, the solubility body of a material in the three-dimensional Hansen space is more realistic and useful (Zhu et al 2019).…”

Section: The Flory-huggins Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of thermodynamics and kinetics in rubber–bitumen systems: a theoretical overview

Wang

Apostolidis

Zhu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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Waste tire rubber has been incorporated into asphalt modification for decades due to its various benefits. There are two main mechanisms during bitumen-rubber interaction: rubber swelling and chemical degradation. This study surveys these two processes from the viewpoint of polymer science. The kinetics of rubber dissolution and thermodynamics of rubber swelling are discussed to provide a fundamental understanding of the interaction process and to demonstrate how optimisation of material selection and processing procedures can lead to the desired binder properties. Factors including the interaction conditions and raw material characteristics are analysed based on the previous theories and compared with experimental results.

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Section: Effect Of Bitumen Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Flory-huggins Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thermodynamics and kinetics in rubber–bitumen systems: a theoretical overview

Wang

Apostolidis

Zhu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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“…This phenomenon can be explained by the solubility parameter. The solubility parameter ( δ ) of a material can be calculated according to Small equation: 28,29

δ = {(\frac{normalΔ E}{V})}^{1 / 2} = \frac{ρ \sum F_{i}}{M_{0}}

where E is the cohesive energy, V is the molar volume, F i represents the group attraction constant, ρ stands for the density of polymer and M 0 represents the average molar weight of the repeating unit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of two different UV absorbers combined with antioxidants on UV resistance of HDPE

Jiang

Mao

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In order to improve the aging resistance of HDPE, antioxidants (Irganox1010 and Irgafos168) are combined with UV absorber (UV‐326 or UV‐531). Analyses of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that UV‐326 has a better capacity of UV absorbance, but easier to migrate to the HDPE surface due to the bigger difference of solubility parameter with HDPE than UV‐531. The mechanical property indicates a better synergistic effect between UV‐531 and antioxidants. With the single addition of antioxidant, the mechanical property sharply decreased to low level during irradiation for 200 h. With single addition of UV absorber, the elongation at break of the sample can still be maintained at about 700% until irradiation for 600 h. When two different UV absorbers are used in combination with antioxidants, HDPE with UV‐326 maintains high mechanical property when irradiated for 1200 h, while the samples containing UV‐531 still maintain good mechanical property when irradiated for 1600 h.

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“…Therefore, the rubber samples were first immersed in a naphthenic oil at elevated temperatures to examine if there is dissolution of rubber taking place during the swelling process. The naphthenic oil has a Hildebrand solubility parameter of 18.5 MPa 0.5 , which is closer to truck tire rubber (18.6 MPa 0.5 ) than most bitumen components (in the range from 17.2 to 18.8 MPa 0.5 ) (12,14,15). Therefore, it is easier for rubber to dissolve into the naphthenic oil than bitumen based on the solubility theory.…”

Section: Does the Rubber Dissolve Into Bitumen? Study Of Rubber In Namentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental Investigation of Rubber Swelling in Bitumen

Wang

Liu

Apostolidis

et al. 2020

Transportation Research Record

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Rubber swelling in bitumen, which is a diffusion-induced volume expansion process, plays a dominant role in the design of crumb rubber modified bitumen binders and their properties development. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of bitumen diffusion into truck tire rubber, the equilibrium swelling characteristics of rubber, and the mechanical properties of rubber before and after swelling at different high temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate that no rubber dissolution happens during the interaction in the temperature range from 160°C to 200°C. Aliphatic compounds from bitumen preferentially diffused into rubber during the swelling process. The diffusion coefficients of bitumen into rubber were determined by the sorption test using the gravimetric method. The diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of temperature in an Arrhenius form. The volume expansion of rubber during swelling was captured by the X-ray computed tomography scan images. Rubber swells faster at the earlier stages, then the expansion rate slows down. The swelling ratio of rubber increased from 1.97 at 160°C to 3.03 at 200°C after 36 h interaction. Mechanical tests by dynamic shear rheometer reveal that swollen rubber becomes softer compared with the dry rubber and exhibits obvious viscoelastic behaviors. With the increase of temperature, the softening and viscous effect are more significant. The obtained parameters can be implemented to swelling and micromechanical models to better predict the binder properties.

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The use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for phase behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen: a review

Cited by 28 publications

References 84 publications

The role of thermodynamics and kinetics in rubber–bitumen systems: a theoretical overview

The role of thermodynamics and kinetics in rubber–bitumen systems: a theoretical overview

The effect of two different UV absorbers combined with antioxidants on UV resistance of HDPE

Experimental Investigation of Rubber Swelling in Bitumen

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