“…Additionally, the exploration of dielectric constant and loss factor, contingent on frequency, remains one of the most sensitive and convenient approaches for probing metal oxide characteristics [13,14]. Amid an array of metal oxides, ZnO holds immense significance with a wide band gap (3.37 eV) and substantial excitation binding energy (60 meV) [15,16], ZnO emerges as a crucial material. Its nanoparticles find applications encompassing UV absorption, catalysis [17], storage, solar cells [18,19], ceramics, biosensors [20], chemical sensors [21][22][23], light emitting diodes [24], and photocatalysts [21].…”