Investigation on corrosion stratigraphy and morphology in some Iron Age bronze alloys vessels by OM, XRD and SEM–EDS methods

Oudbashi, Omid; Hasanpour, Ata; Davami, P.

doi:10.1007/s00339-016-9793-4

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In fact, the main factor of formation of basic copper sulphates in open-air environments is SO 2 [81,82], but because of absence of SO 2 in soil environment, it is not probable to form basic copper sulphates as corrosion products in buried objects in the soil of Haft Tappeh. Furthermore, the corrosion products identified in Sangtarashan objects are basic copper carbonates (malachite and azurite) [45]. As noted earlier, soluble nitrate was detected as the high concentration soluble anion in the soil samples of this site.…”

Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The result showed that the main corrosion mechanism in the Haft Tappeh bronze collection is active corrosion (bronze disease). The main corrosion products identified in the Haft Tappeh bronzes are copper oxides (cuprite, tenorite) and copper trihydroxychlorides (atacamite, paratacamite); while uniform corrosion with noble patina is observed in Sangtarashan bronze objects with cuprite, malachite and azurite as the main corrosion compounds [45,46]. Nevertheless, some details should be explained here to find relationship between soil condition and corrosion in archaeological copper alloy objects.…”

Section: Previous Results On the Corrosion Of The Objectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Sangtarashan objects are corroded partially by forming a smooth noble patina on the surface of bronze objects as well as the formation of an external corrosion layer consisting of basic copper carbonates so-called as type I corrosion [12]. This corrosion morphology is occurred in Sangtarashan bronzes by internal oxidation of tin and selective dissolution of copper [45].…”

Section: Previous Results On the Corrosion Of The Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Oudbashi

2018

Herit Sci

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Characterization of soil corrosivity in archaeological sites is an important subject to understand the conservation conditions of archaeological bronze collections and helps conservators to prepare a conservation strategy for long term preservation of bronze objects. In this paper, a research approach is established to identify soil corrosivity in two archaeological sites and to find correlation between corrosion events and soil characterizations. Therefore, an analytical study was carried out to identify different factors of soil environment influencing corrosivity of the soil in two sites. Based on the results, measuring different factors such as chemical composition, pH, texture, soluble salts and water content and SOM displayed different soil environments in two archaeological sites. The results represent correlative relationship between corrosion mechanism and soil characteristics in these archaeological sites.

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Section: Soil Environment and Corrosion Of Archaeological Objectssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Previous Results On the Corrosion Of The Objectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Previous Results On the Corrosion Of The Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Oudbashi

2018

Herit Sci

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“…Malachite, cuprite, cassiterite and cerussite have frequently been reported in bronze corrosion products [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Malachite and cuprite are common corrosion products of copper alloys after long burial periods in soils [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large variety of analytical techniques including optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), synchrotron radiation FTIR (SR-FTIR) and synchrotron radiation XRD (SR-XRD), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy have been used to investigate structures and compositions of the corrosion products in recent years [4][5][6][7][8][9]. It is well known that the character of the corrosion products of bronze artifacts buried in soil depends on multiple factors such as the nature of the alloy, soil composition, porosity, humidity, conductivity, depth and duration of burial [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Fan¹,

Freestone

2017

Herit Sci

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Corrosion products on three bronze swords found in tombs dating from the Warring States period at Lijiaba site, Yunyang county, Chongqing were characterized by Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies. The major corrosion products were cuprite, malachite, cerussite and cassiterite, along with the copper and lead phosphates, libethenite and pyromorphite. The presence of libethenite and pyromorphite which have been reported infrequently in bronze corrosion products were attributed to the pH, humidity and phosphorus released by the decomposition of the adjacent bodies in the burial environment.

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Characterization of a heavily corroded bronze statue from Pharaonic Egypt

Salem

2022

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The current study aims to characterize a heavily corroded bronze statue from Pharaonic Egypt, in terms of the morphology and mechanism of corrosion. The characterization was carried out by a combination of methods, including the scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), USB digital microscope, X‐ray micro‐diffraction, and Raman micro‐spectroscopy. Insights into the morphology and corrosion mechanisms of two corrosion stages are presented. Specifically, the metallic‐wall layer was first converted into grayish‐brown corrosion mottled with green and gray spots in the central part, in which a greenish‐white corrosion phase was formed in the second stage. The EDS analysis of the greenish‐white phase revealed the predominance of tin, copper, oxygen, and carbon and a low chlorine content. The greenish‐white phase consisted of four corrosion products: romarchite, cassiterite, malachite, and a small amount of atacamite. The morphology developed upon corrosion was attributed to the selective dissolution and depletion of copper in the central layer, internal oxidation of tin, and conversion of cuprite into malachite. Moreover, the usual bronze corrosion products were formed as a superficial layer on the statue.

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Investigation on corrosion stratigraphy and morphology in some Iron Age bronze alloys vessels by OM, XRD and SEM–EDS methods

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

A methodological approach to estimate soil corrosivity for archaeological copper alloy artefacts

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Characterization of a heavily corroded bronze statue from Pharaonic Egypt

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