Investigation on combustion characteristics and emissions of diesel/hydrogen mixtures by using energy-share method in a diesel engine

Wu, Hung‐Wei; Wu, Zhan Yi

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.004

Cited by 75 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The concentrations of copper in 100% BWTS water were similar to the USEPA national recommended water-quality acute criteria (Table 4) and may have contributed to the toxicity of BWTS water to H. azteca. Copper concentrations in 100% BWTS water were 15.2 mg/L and 19.1 mg/L, which are similar to acute criteria based on water hardness (18-6.6 mg/L for Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, respectively; Table 4), within criteria based on the biotic ligand model for Lake Ontario (24 mg/L) and Lake Superior (8 mg/L), and similar to biotic ligand model LC50 values for copper for H. azteca (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) mg/L) [48]. It is possible that copper toxicity may have occurred under conditions of reduced calcium; the effects of calcium on copper toxicity to H. azteca are complex [49].…”

Section: Bwts Water Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 70%

An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide‐based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships

Elskus

Ingersoll

Kemble

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to >11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH <9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO2 ). Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to ≥9) or a 2.5% CO2 atmosphere (pH 7.5-8.2), then transferred to control water for 5 d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems.

show abstract

Section: Bwts Water Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 70%

An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide‐based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships

Elskus

Ingersoll

Kemble

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The literature offers several methods and technologies on injecting hydrogen into intake port using gas injectors, direct injection into engine cylinders, introduction into intake manifold and pilot diesel injection for ignition. [16][17][18] Permanent hydrogen injection into intake manifold can cause early ignition and back-flame conditions. During both permanent injection and intermittent port injection methods, hydrogen replaces the intake air during intake stroke due to its low density and causes reduction in volumetric efficiency which results in a decrease in engine power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines

Karagöz

Sandalcı

Yüksek

et al. 2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. Expensive after-treatment technologies to fulfil normative legislations about the harmful tail-pipe emissions and fuel price increase in recent years created expectations from researchers for alternative fuel applications on diesel engines. This study investigates hydrogen as additive fuel in diesel engines. Hydrogen was introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors as additive fuel in gaseous form and also diesel fuel was injected into cylinder by diesel injector and used as igniter. Energy content of introduced hydrogen was set to 0%, 25% and 50% of total fuel energy, where the 0% references neat diesel operation without hydrogen injection. Test conditions were set to full load at 750, 900, 1100, 1400, 1750 and finally 2100 r/min engine speed. Variation in engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with hydrogen addition was investigated. Hydrogen introduction into the engine by 25% and 50% of total charge energy reveals significant decrease in smoke emissions while dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. With increasing hydrogen content, a slight rise is observed in total unburned hydrocarbons although CO 2 and CO gaseous emissions reduced considerably. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure and rate of heat release peak values raised with hydrogen fraction.

show abstract

“…Hydrogen was added so that the hydrogen-energy-ratio was systematically varied [42]. The purpose of this method is to maintain equal input energy (i.e., a controlled ratio of energy from hydrogen to that from the total fuel), so that we have:…”

Section: Preparation Of the Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of hydrogen addition on the auto-ignition delay of homogeneous primary reference fuel/air mixtures in a rapid compression machine

Chung²,

Lee

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigation on combustion characteristics and emissions of diesel/hydrogen mixtures by using energy-share method in a diesel engine

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide‐based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships

An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide‐based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships

Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines

The effects of hydrogen addition on the auto-ignition delay of homogeneous primary reference fuel/air mixtures in a rapid compression machine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About