Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines

Abstract

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. Expensive after-treatment technologies to fulfil normative legislations about the harmful tail-pipe emissions and fuel price increase in recent years created expectations from researchers for alternative fuel applications on diesel engines. This study investigates hydrogen as additive fuel in diesel engines. Hydrogen was introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors as additive fuel in gaseous form and also diesel fuel was injected into cylinder by diesel injector and used as igniter. Energy content of introduced hydrogen was set to 0%, 25% and 50% of total fuel energy, where the 0% references neat diesel operation without hydrogen injection. Test conditions were set to full load at 750, 900, 1100, 1400, 1750 and finally 2100 r/min engine speed. Variation in engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with hydrogen addition was investigated. Hydrogen introduction into the engine by 25% and 50% of total charge energy reveals significant decrease in smoke emissions while dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. With increasing hydrogen content, a slight rise is observed in total unburned hydrocarbons although CO 2 and CO gaseous emissions reduced considerably. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure and rate of heat release peak values raised with hydrogen fraction.

Hydrogen—An Alternative Fuel for Automotive Diesel Engines Used in Transportation

“…The reached values did not affect engine reliability, as the usual range of values was not exceeded; however, the tendency of these values to increase may be considered as a limitation regarding the portion of hydrogen to be used. Similar results of maximum pressure increase with the use of hydrogen were also recorded in experiments presented elsewhere [42,47,48,50,52].…”

“…Karagöz [50] used hydrogen as an additive fuel in a CFR diesel engine with a full load regime and different speeds; a decrease of smoke and CO 2 emissions levels, a significant increase in NO x emission level and a slight increase in HC were observed. The maximum vales of in-cylinder pressure and heat release increased with the addition of hydrogen [50].…”

“…Karagöz [50] used hydrogen as an additive fuel in a CFR diesel engine with a full load regime and different speeds; a decrease of smoke and CO 2 emissions levels, a significant increase in NO x emission level and a slight increase in HC were observed. The maximum vales of in-cylinder pressure and heat release increased with the addition of hydrogen [50]. Kavtaradze [51] noted that in-cylinder processes are fundamentally different with hydrogen diesel compared to classic diesel fuel, with influences on combustion parameters and pollution performance.…”

A theoretical analysis of temperature rise of hydrogen in high-pressure storage cylinder during fast filling process

“…Therefore, countries in the world have paid close attention to the development of new energy sources in recent years. [1][2][3][4][5] Among them, hydrogen energy is favored for its clean, pollution-free, high efficiency, and other advantages. As a clean and efficient energy source with zero emission of greenhouse gases, hydrogen is considered to be an important energy source that can be used to replace traditional fuels.…”

Combustion duration influence on hydrogen-ethanol dual fueled engine emissions: An experimental analysis

“…Yasin Karagoz et al [11] investigated how the hydrogen addition variation affects engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics. It was found from their study that with hydrogen induction by 25 and 50% of total charge energy, there was a decrease in smoke emissions with an increase in nitrogen oxides.…”