“…where s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8 represent signals in different nodes (3, 0), (3, 1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8). Ei represents corresponding energy of si, i is integer from 1 to 8.…”
Section: Analysis Of Sound Energy In Every Frequency Rangementioning
Welding sound signal is mainly produced by the arc heat and the vibration of weld pool. In order to seek the relationship between characteristics in sound signal frequency and arc length variation, energy in every frequency band had been analysed, we found that arc sound signal distributed in every frequency band of 0-20 kHz, while arc length increasing, the energy of every frequency band increases, and the energy of 0-5000 Hz frequency band can generally reflect the increase and mutation of arc length, the differences when arc increase same value are similar. So linear fitting has been done to the original signal and the signal after 2 layer db3 wavelet denoising, conclusions can be made as that the average total energy of sound peak signal and the arc length have linear relationship, and 2 layer db3 wavelet denoising can make the error of linear relation smaller.
“…where s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8 represent signals in different nodes (3, 0), (3, 1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8). Ei represents corresponding energy of si, i is integer from 1 to 8.…”
Section: Analysis Of Sound Energy In Every Frequency Rangementioning
Welding sound signal is mainly produced by the arc heat and the vibration of weld pool. In order to seek the relationship between characteristics in sound signal frequency and arc length variation, energy in every frequency band had been analysed, we found that arc sound signal distributed in every frequency band of 0-20 kHz, while arc length increasing, the energy of every frequency band increases, and the energy of 0-5000 Hz frequency band can generally reflect the increase and mutation of arc length, the differences when arc increase same value are similar. So linear fitting has been done to the original signal and the signal after 2 layer db3 wavelet denoising, conclusions can be made as that the average total energy of sound peak signal and the arc length have linear relationship, and 2 layer db3 wavelet denoising can make the error of linear relation smaller.
“…One problem commonly faced by the welding industry is poor stability of the arc. Arc stability and arc length influence the behaviour of metal transfer (Pal et al 2010). With a stable arc, metal transfer is uniform and the amount of spatter is minimal (Hermans and Ouden 1999).…”
Arc behaviour is a significant factor in all arc welding processes. Understanding of arc types and their inherent properties can help enhance weld prediction and weld quality and reduce welding cost and production cycle time. Advanced welding processes utilize real-time control and prediction, increasing the need for detailed knowledge of arc characteristics and arc applications. This paper analyses the types of welding arcs used in the welding industry, explains corresponding features and characteristics, provides guidance for suitable applications, and presents arc type comparisons, benefits, and weaknesses. The study is based on a review of the literature, and it provides a comprehensive overview of arc phenomena. The results of this work show that in many applications, greater benefit accrues from spray and pulsed arcs than short and globular arc modes. Controlled short arc, heavy deposition rate arc, and controlled spray arc are enhanced arc processes offering significant improvements in efficiency and usability. This review can assist companies in making appropriate choices of arc and welding process for different materials and applications. Furthermore, it can be utilized as a basis for further research.
“…Based on the obtained information, two reconstruction schemes named interpolation reconstruction scheme (IRS) and extrapolation reconstruction scheme (ERS) were used in order to rebuild the three dimensional weld pool surface off-line (Song & Zhang, 2008). Arc sound has been found to be strongly related to process parameters and weld quality (Arata et al, 1980;Futamat, 1983;Pal et al, 2010). Welding arc light can be seen as a signal carrying essential information about the welding process.…”
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