Investigation on a fossil Sequoia bark from Turkey

Staccioli, G.; Uçar, Güneş; Bartolini, Giuseppe; Coppi, C.; Mochi, M.

doi:10.1007/s001070050346

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, diaromatic totarane, formed by degradation of totarol, isomer of ferruginol, was found for the first time in a fossil sample of Taxodium by Otto et al (1997). In particular, sample O seems to contain a sequoia bark as it contains a diterpene that was found in a recently analysed Turkish fossil sequoia bark (Staccioli et al 1998c). In particular, sample O seems to contain a sequoia bark as it contains a diterpene that was found in a recently analysed Turkish fossil sequoia bark (Staccioli et al 1998c).…”

Section: Indication Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Several Arctic fossil woods, 25-65 million years old, have shown partial or total loss of polyoses (Staccioli et al 1997). Two recently analysed barks, one more than 40000 years old and the other more than 45 million years old (Canadian Arctic region), have been shown not to have different degradation pathways compared to wood (Staccioli et al 1998c;2002). has been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Investigation on Fossil Barks from an Arctic Canadian Site Constituted by a Multiple Level Tertiary Fossil Forest 45 Million Years Old

Staccioli¹,

Meli²,

Fratini³

2002

Holzforschung

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Barks from the litters of a multiple level Tertiary fossil forest from the Canadian Arctic were chemically examined and compared with coeval Arctic fossil woods. Degradation and diagenesis of the polysaccharides similarly occurred in barks and woods. However, unlike the fossil woods, the loss of polysaccharides led to materials exhibiting a marked cation exchange capacity, which is comparable to what is found for humus, the final product of diagenesis of the forest litter. Dichloromethane extracts from the barks invariably showed the presence of n-alkanes from C14 to C30, and terpenes such as cadalene, calamenene, fichtelite, sandaracopimarane, abietatriene, simonellite, diaromatic totarane, ferruginol, dehydroferruginol, and sugiol. The presence of phenol-diterpenes and/or diaromatic totarane was related to species belonging to Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae, in agreement with the recovery of trunks of metasequoia in some forest levels. KeywordsFossil bark Fossil woods Wood extractives Terpenes GC/MS Brought to you by | University of Georgia Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 6/2/15 5:59 AM

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Section: Indication Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Investigation on Fossil Barks from an Arctic Canadian Site Constituted by a Multiple Level Tertiary Fossil Forest 45 Million Years Old

Staccioli¹,

Meli²,

Fratini³

2002

Holzforschung

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“…Partial degradation of suberin present in the once-living monkeyhair tree due to diagenesis is not excluded, as indicated by the high percentage of extractives we found in the outer layer of the fossil monkeyhair tree (Table 2). Fatty acid constituents of suberin released after degradation might undergo decarboxylation to aliphatic alkanes or alkenes, which may explain why we did not detect the fatty acids 1-3 before methanolate-induced cleavage of the fossil material [23][24][25][26] . After hydrolysis of suberin to release its fatty acid constituents, decarboxylation may have occurred under speci c conditions of fossilization, converting the constituents to straight-chain alkanes and alkenes, as observed for the fossil Diaphorodenron sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suberin, the hallmark constituent of bark, identified in a 45-million-year-old monkeyhair tree from Geiseltal, Germany

Tahoun,

Gee,

McCoy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Suberin, a complex biopolymer, forms a water and gas insoluble barrier that protects the inner tissues of plants. It is abundant in tree bark, particularly in the cork oak Quercus suber. Anatomically, fossil bark has been described since the Devonian. However, its distinctive constituent suberin has not yet been reported from the fossil record. Here we present unambiguous chemical evidence for intact suberin from the outer layer of a middle Eocene monkeyhair tree from Geiseltal, eastern Germany. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) was employed to detect constituents of suberin in the outer layer of the fossil monkeyhair tree, which confirms previous morphological interpretation of this tissue as bark, and chemically differentiates this layer from the two tissues of the inner layer. Notably, this is the first study with compelling chemical evidence for suberin in fossil bark. Fluorescence microspectroscopy additionally supported the presence of suberin. Fossilization conditions in the Eocene Geiseltal deposit were likely mild, with low moisture and temperatures, contributing to the remarkable preservation of bark and inner laticifer mats of the monkeyhair trees growing there 45 million years ago.

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“…Bark is rarely completely preserved with fossil logs or trunks in deep time, because bark is easily detached from the central cylinder of secondary xylem after the tree has died or fallen (Staccioli et al 1998). Bark thickness is strongly positively correlated with DBH (Pinard & Huffman 1997;Paine et al 2010;Zeibig-Kichas et al 2016).…”

Section: Pitfalls Based On the Preservation Of Fossil Logsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling height–diameter relationships in living Araucaria (Araucariaceae) trees to reconstruct ancient araucarian conifer height

Xie,

Gee,

Griebeler

2024

Palaeontology

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To reconstruct a fossil forest in three dimensions, an accurate estimation of tree height is crucial. However, modelling the height–diameter relationship of ancient trees is difficult, because the trunks of fossil trees are usually fragmentary, making direct height measurements impossible. One practical approach for reconstructing ancient tree height is to use growth models based on the height–diameter relationships of the nearest living relatives of fossil taxa. Here we apply 19 models to describe height–diameter relationships of living Araucaria trees for establishing appropriate models for ancient Araucariaceae trees. Data come from four living populations of Araucaria: A. bidwillii and A. cunninghamii in Queensland, Australia, and A. cunninghamii and A. hunsteinii in New Guinea. According to an AIC‐based model selection, a power function with an exponent of 0.67 (termed here the modified Mosbrugger model) is found to be the most appropriate for each population and for the entire dataset (157 trees), but normalization constants differ across populations. To find the most appropriate models for the genus Araucaria, 100 random samples (each population generating 25 random samples) from the entire dataset are used. Based on 100 curve fitting results on each model and multiple performance criteria, three median models are generated from the medians of their parameter estimates. Of these, the median 2pPower model works best for Araucaria, but the modified Mosbrugger and Curtis models perform nearly as well. In a case study, we revise tree heights of Upper Jurassic araucariaceous logs in Utah, USA, by applying these three models.

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Investigation on a fossil Sequoia bark from Turkey

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation on Fossil Barks from an Arctic Canadian Site Constituted by a Multiple Level Tertiary Fossil Forest 45 Million Years Old

Investigation on Fossil Barks from an Arctic Canadian Site Constituted by a Multiple Level Tertiary Fossil Forest 45 Million Years Old

Suberin, the hallmark constituent of bark, identified in a 45-million-year-old monkeyhair tree from Geiseltal, Germany

Modelling height–diameter relationships in living Araucaria (Araucariaceae) trees to reconstruct ancient araucarian conifer height

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