Investigation of vegetative properties and generative production of the potential ornamental and narrow endemic species Verbascum yurtkuranianum (Scrophulariaceae) for ex situ conservation

Abstract

Verbascum yurtkuranianum is a narrow endemic species occurring in a single location, the northern Bursa province (Turkey). It is an endangered and potentially ornamental plant. No conducted study on its life and biology, production, and aesthetic features is available. This study aimed to reveal its vegetative properties, seed characteristics, methods and requirements for seed germination, germination speed, and potential ornamental value so it can be conserved ex situ and produced. Verbascum yurtkuranianum has potential value as an ornamental plant regarding its aesthetic features as a flower. This study revealed that the total number of individuals in the species is 788. Without any treatment, 70.7% germination rate is achieved if the seeds are stored at 4 °C. The optimum germination temperature was from 15 to 20 °C (77.3% and 78.7%, respectively), and the photoperiod regulation for seed germination was 12/12 or 8/16 (light/dark) hours (74.7% and 76.0%, respectively). The most effective treatment to promote germination rate was found by implementation of 60 min ultrasonic waves (94.3%) or application of 120 min vacuum (95.3%). Germination occurred between 8 and 10 days. A parcel of ex situ conservation was constituted with the seedlings obtained from the germination studies.

Seed propagation, adaptation to cultivation conditions, determination of ornamental plant properties, and ex situ conservation of the endemic species Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

“…One of the principal issues in the effective protection of endangered species is to adopt the necessary measures for the reproduction of these species (Okay et al 2011). In addition to being a crucial propagation stage of seeds, germination is the first step in the vegetative phase of plants and is the priority concern for the recovery and sustainability of endangered species (Schnadelbach et al 2016;Ganatsas et al 2019;Kırmızı 2019;Erken 2021). Knowledge of both the germination percentage and germination period for existing plant seeds is directly related to the success of propagation techniques.…”

Generative production and evaluation of ornamental plant potential of an endemic flax species for ecological landscape applications

“…Ultrasonic wave and vacuum treatments, which were reported as the best practice in the germination of Verbascum yurtkuranianum seeds by Erken (2021), were found to be insufficient for germination of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum .…”

“…For example, Linum radiola seeds need time to ripen (Carta et al, 2013), Linum perenne seeds need vernalization (Meyer & Kitchen, 1994), L. olympicum seeds need cold stratification and long, dark conditions (Kırmızı et al, 2018), and Linum catharicum seeds need light and cold stratification (Milberg, 1994). Ultrasonic wave and vacuum treatments, which were reported as the best practice in the germination of Verbascum yurtkuranianum seeds by Erken (2021), were found to be insufficient for germination of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum.…”

Olumsuz Ekolojik Koşullar için Verbascum bombyciferum Boiss.’un Generatif Üretimi, Morfolojik ve Fenolojik Özelliklerinin Tanımlanması ve Ex-Situ Korunması

“…[14], hormonların çimlenmeyi artırıcı etkilerinin 20-25℃ aralığındaki sıcaklıklarda daha da belirgin olduğunu belirmektedir. Erken [17] V.yurtkuranianum'da 10℃, 15℃, 20℃ ve 25℃ sıcaklıkları denemiş, bizim çalışmamıza paralel şekilde 15℃ ve 20℃ sıcaklıkların çimlenme için benzer sonuçlar verdiğini tespit etmiştir. Erken [17]'in çalışmasında 25℃'de çimlenme yüzdesi oldukça düşük seviyelere inmektedir.…”

“…Erken [17] V.yurtkuranianum'da 10℃, 15℃, 20℃ ve 25℃ sıcaklıkları denemiş, bizim çalışmamıza paralel şekilde 15℃ ve 20℃ sıcaklıkların çimlenme için benzer sonuçlar verdiğini tespit etmiştir. Erken [17]'in çalışmasında 25℃'de çimlenme yüzdesi oldukça düşük seviyelere inmektedir. Bu Hilooğlu ve Sözen [27], V.alyssifolium türünde GA₃ 100 μM uygulamasında çimlenme hızı indeksini 7.0 gün gün olarak bildirmişlerdir.…”