Investigation of using egg shell powder for bleaching of soybean oil

Abdi, Elena; Gharachorloo, M; Ghavami, Mehrdad

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110859

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding differs from Silva et al (2014) which reported that the addition of citrate to BE (from 0.09 to 0.27%) had caused FFA levels to increase by 9% (from 4.61% to 5.0%). Moreover, Abdi et al (2021) also reported the same finding which suggested that the FFA content of acid-activated blanched oil increased by 96.77% (from 0.31 to 0.61%) while alkaline egg shell powder with totally removed FFA from the oils. The difference between the finding of this study and that of Abdi et al (2021) lied on the different types of adsorbent used during the research.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Moreover, Abdi et al (2021) also reported the same finding which suggested that the FFA content of acid-activated blanched oil increased by 96.77% (from 0.31 to 0.61%) while alkaline egg shell powder with totally removed FFA from the oils. The difference between the finding of this study and that of Abdi et al (2021) lied on the different types of adsorbent used during the research. As the adsorbent used in this study was made of egg shells (alkaline), so the FFA was neutralized.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The numbers were significantly reduced after the blanching process using various adsorbent concentrations. The decrease in carotenoid content corresponds to higher bentonite concentrations as more and more surface area were provided for adsorption and removal of β-carotene ( Abdi et al, 2021 ). The greater the bentonite concentration, the greater the adsorption of β-carotene which causes CPO to have paler color.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of carotene removal results from this study is smaller than the research Silva et al (2013) , which is 89% ( Silva et al, 2013 ), Silva et al (2014) which is 95.5% (from 467 to 21 mg/kg) ( Silva et al, 2014 ). Abdi et al (2021) reported that the lowest carotene removal efficiency (79.05%) was using 2.0% egg shell ash, and the highest (83.53%) used 1.0% activated egg shell powder with acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the porosity and the adsorption power in the CPO refinery process can be increased with acid-activated bleaching earth (BE) ( Guliyev et al., 2018 ), high decolorization and chlorophyll produced in only 1.0% of acid-activated bleaching earth can cause strong acid and solid waste pollution and, therefore, require extra costs for environmental neutralization ( Chakawa et al., 2019 ). Abdi, Gharachorloo and Ghavami (2021) studied the use of egg shell powder to remove the metals, oxidation products and unwanted pigments of the soybean oil. Although 2.0% of egg shell powder reduced the carotenoid and chlorophyll content in the soybean oil by 82.56% and 46.33%, the adsorbent efficiency remained lower compared to BE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time

Ifa

Wiyani

Nurdjannah

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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The quality of crude palm oil (CPO) must be maintained since it plays an important role in fulfilling the domestic and global needs (food and non-food). The quality of CPO is determined by the color, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and carotene. This study was aimed at examining the effect of bentonite concentration (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) and contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) on the quality of crude palm oil. The refining processes of CPO through degumming, bleaching and distillation were carried out before the analysis on color, FFA and carotene was done. The results showed that the effect of bentonite concentration (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) experienced the highest percentage in reduction at 3.0% (color 88.7%, FFA 2.99% and carotene 56.37%). Meanwhile, the effect of contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) experienced the highest percentage in reduction at 60 min (color 89.58%, FFA 2.38%, carotene 61.32%). The reduction in the CPO's color, FFA and carotene found in this study indicates that bentonite concentration and contact time are proven to be effective methods for CPO refinery based on the standard set by Malaysian Palm Oil Refiners Association. This study also showed that the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of FFA and carotene were also affected by contact time and bentonite concentration.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time

Ifa

Wiyani

Nurdjannah

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Comparative analysis on the bleaching of crude palm oil using activated groundnut hull, snail shell and rice husk

Ojewumi

Ehinmowo

Obanla

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Researchers have found out several ways by which environmental pollution can be of positive relevance by recycling the waste to ensure a cleaner and healthier environment. The bleaching process is a crucial process in palm oil refining in which an adsorbent is majorly used to adsorb the unwanted colour pigments and a wide range of other impurities. This study aims to modify three different adsorbents; Groundnut hull, Snail shell, and rice husk and processed them into powder form as Groundnut hull powder [GHP], Snail shell powder [SSP] and Rice husk powder [RHP] respectively. The effects of three factors: temperature, mass and time were investigated on the response. MINITAB 19 software was employed which resulted in 20 runs. The optimization of the bleaching effects imposed by the adsorbents on palm oil using Central Composite Design (CCD) was evaluated. The free fatty acid and peroxide value decrease with bleaching while the saponification value increased with bleaching. The analysis conducted shows that groundnut hull was able to adsorb the most significant value of FFA and peroxide value in the palm oil. The lowest value of FFA obtained indicates that bleaching increases the shelf life of the oil and makes it more suitable for soap making.

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Techno-economics of coconut coir bioadsorbent utilization on free fatty acid level reduction in crude palm oil

Ifa

Syarif

Sartia

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Investigation of using egg shell powder for bleaching of soybean oil

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time

Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time

Comparative analysis on the bleaching of crude palm oil using activated groundnut hull, snail shell and rice husk

Techno-economics of coconut coir bioadsorbent utilization on free fatty acid level reduction in crude palm oil

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