Comparative analysis on the bleaching of crude palm oil using activated groundnut hull, snail shell and rice husk

Abstract

Researchers have found out several ways by which environmental pollution can be of positive relevance by recycling the waste to ensure a cleaner and healthier environment. The bleaching process is a crucial process in palm oil refining in which an adsorbent is majorly used to adsorb the unwanted colour pigments and a wide range of other impurities. This study aims to modify three different adsorbents; Groundnut hull, Snail shell, and rice husk and processed them into powder form as Groundnut hull powder [GHP], Snail shell powder [SSP] and Rice husk powder [RHP] respectively. The effects of three factors: temperature, mass and time were investigated on the response. MINITAB 19 software was employed which resulted in 20 runs. The optimization of the bleaching effects imposed by the adsorbents on palm oil using Central Composite Design (CCD) was evaluated. The free fatty acid and peroxide value decrease with bleaching while the saponification value increased with bleaching. The analysis conducted shows that groundnut hull was able to adsorb the most significant value of FFA and peroxide value in the palm oil. The lowest value of FFA obtained indicates that bleaching increases the shelf life of the oil and makes it more suitable for soap making.

Bio-Conversion of Waste Paper Into Fermentable Sugars—A Review

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Feasibilty of Kaolin and Mica as Bleaching Earths for the Removal of Organic Compounds From Crude Palm Oil

“…It shows that the kaolin and mica also possess same capability to remove peroxide from the CPO. The results show that the refined palm oil is free from peroxide value and it will take long time to deteriorate [39].…”

Optimization of Bleaching Crude Palm Oil with Activated Snail Shell using Central Composite Design [CCD]

“…One gram of the dried adsorbents was weighed and put in a dry crucible. The crucible was set in a spray dryer at 105℃ for around 2 hours [2].…”

“…Environmental pollution can be of positive relevance if the waste can be recycled and re-used to ensure a cleaner and healthier environment [1,2]. Its recent discovery that some industries has helped in curbing environmental pollution, as some waste materials are now being recycled and re-used instead of being wasted [2][3][4]. Environmental conservation and limiting the production waste materials by recycling it to useful products can never be over-emphasized [5,6].…”