Investigation of thick cobalt films electrodeposited on gold substrates

Szmaja, W.; Kozlowski, W.; Polański, K.; Balcerski, J.; Cichomski, M.; Grobelny, Jarosław; Zieliński, Marek; Miękoś, Ewa

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2012.06.008

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In consequence of the magnetic anisotropy reduction, an increase of magnetic domains width can be observed, as shown in Figs. 5a-f and 7a in which the in-plane domain structure with large domains of the order of 10 µm in size can be observed in Refs [7,8,35,51,52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They can be prepared by various techniques, for example by sputtering, thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, electrodeposition, and chemical vapor deposition [7][8][9]. The obtained films are usually nanocrystalline in nature and possess specific, improved mechanical, physical, magnetic, and chemical properties in comparison with conventional microcrystalline counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation of thermally evaporated nanocrystalline thin cobalt films

et al. 2017

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structures are of large importance. From the practical point of view, they are very significant for tailoring of the specimens with the required properties. In particular, they allow to develop high-density magnetic and magneto-optic recording media, modern recording heads, high-performance permanent magnets, magnetic sensors, and transformer steel sheets [1,2]. The knowledge of the magnetic domain behavior in relation to the morphological structure of the specimens is also important for theoretical modeling of magnetic properties [1,2].Thin magnetic films attract large attention from the fundamental as well as technological point of view. On the fundamental side, they exhibit different magnetic properties, such as magnetic anisotropy [3], magnetic microstructure [4], coercivity [5], and magnetoresistance [6], depending on their thickness, composition, crystalline structure, and preparation conditions. From the technological point of view, thin magnetic films have a number of applications; for example, they are used in magnetic information storage media, magneto-optic recording media, magnetic devices, and sensors [1,2].In particular, cobalt thin films have been the subject of wide and intense study in recent years. They can be prepared by various techniques, for example by sputtering, thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, electrodeposition, and chemical vapor deposition [7][8][9]. The obtained films are usually nanocrystalline in nature and possess specific, improved mechanical, physical, magnetic, and chemical properties in comparison with conventional microcrystalline counterparts. Depending on the film thickness as well as the preparation method and conditions used, cobalt thin films exhibit a wide range of morphological and magnetic properties, and especially various magnetic domain structures with inplane and outofplane magnetization [10][11][12][13]. AbstractIn this paper, a study has been made of nanocrystalline thin cobalt films with thicknesses in the range from 10 to 60 nm. The films were thermally evaporated at incidence angle of 0° in a vacuum of about 10 − 5 mbar. The morphological structure of the films consists of nanocrystalline grains regular in shape and densely packed. As the film thickness is increased from 10 to 60 nm, the average grain size increases from 22.0 to 28.9 nm. The films crystallize mainly in the hexagonal close-packed phase of cobalt. The magnetic structure is composed of domains. In films with thicknesses in the range from 10 to 40 nm, the domains are magnetized in the plane of the film, while films with thicknesses of 50 and 60 nm possess both inplane and perpendicular magnetization components. The domains with inplane magnetization are irregular in shape and typically from a few to 10 mm in size, whereas the domains with perpendicular magnetization form a fine maze stripe pattern of the order of 100 nm in width.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of thermally evaporated nanocrystalline thin cobalt films

et al. 2017

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“…As previously reported, the constant magnetic field can affect electrochemical processes [11–17] . The studies indicated that such changes are caused by the magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…As previously reported, the constant magnetic field can affect electrochemical processes. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The studies indicated that such changes are caused by the magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD). The MHD effect is based on the impact of the Lorentz force, which induces the movement of the electrolyte and increases, or decreases, the transport of electroactive particles to the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Constant Magnetic Field on the Electrochemical Reactions of Quercetin

2020

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The paper presents a study of the effect of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on the basic processes of quercetin electrochemical reactions. According to the observation made in previous studies, the presence of a double bond in the C-ring of quercetin enhances the antioxidant properties of that compound, whereas the presence of À OH groups also affects the antioxidant properties. Using cyclic voltammetry it was found that the constant magnetic field improves the efficiency of quercetin electrooxidation, especially of the third stage of the process, i. e. the stage in which the oxidation of the OH groups in the A-ring is the most difficult. The use of HPLC confirmed the electrochemical measurements and the results of cyclic voltammetry studies. The beneficial effect of the magnetic field on the efficiency of quercetin oxidation was confirmed by the results of impedance spectroscopy measurements.

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“…Co and Co alloys have magnetic properties that have received much attention for applications in high-density information storage devices. [1][2][3] The Co materials can be fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, sputtering, vacuum deposition, thermalchemical evaporation and electrodeposition. [4][5][6][7][8] Among the fabrication methods, electrodeposition is a simple, rapid and cost-efficient fabrication method, and the fabrication environment does not require high temperature and vacuum conditions when compared with the others.…”

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Crystal Growth of Cobalt Film Fabricated by Electrodeposition with Dense Carbon Dioxide

Luo

Chen

Chang

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Dense CO 2 was applied in electrodeposition of Co films to examine its effects on the morphology, crystal structure, average grain size, and surface roughness. The dense CO 2 is referring to CO 2 in liquid state (15 MPa and 25 • C), subcritical state (15 MPa and 30 • C), and supercritical state (15 MPa and 40 • C) here. The electrodeposition with dense CO 2 was conducted in a high-pressure cell, and the electrolyte was a mixture composed of 20 vol.% of the dense CO 2 and 80 vol.% of the Co electrolyte. Influences of the temperature and applied current density were also studied. The dense CO 2 , especially supercritical CO 2 , was found to be effective in eliminating defects formed in the Co films. Morphology of the Co films changed from ridge-like to hemi-spherical-like and particle-like structures with a decrease in the temperature and an increase in the applied current density. The average grain size was found to decrease with an increase in the current density. The Co films electrodeposited at atmospheric pressure were mainly composed of h.c.p. phase and the crystal structure changed to f.c.c.-rich phase when the dense CO 2 was used.Co and Co alloys have magnetic properties that have received much attention for applications in high-density information storage devices. 1-3 The Co materials can be fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, sputtering, vacuum deposition, thermalchemical evaporation and electrodeposition. 4-8 Among the fabrication methods, electrodeposition is a simple, rapid and cost-efficient fabrication method, and the fabrication environment does not require high temperature and vacuum conditions when compared with the others. Moreover, it is possible to control the composition, morphology, thickness and growth rate by adjusting the bath compositions and electrodeposition parameters. 8 However, a common problem exists in the materials fabricated by electrodeposition, which is defects found in the electrodeposited films. Adsorption of H 2 gas bubbles originate from the evolution of hydrogen is believed to be one of the major causes for formation of the defects. 9 H 2 is non-polar, and CO 2 is also non-polar. Desorption of the H 2 gas bubbles is expected to be significantly improved to reduce formation of the defects in the electrodeposited materials by having CO 2 in the electrolyte. In fact, application of supercritical CO 2 (sc-CO 2 ) in the electrodeposition has been reported to be effective in reducing defects formed in the electrodeposited materials. 10-13 A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where the distinct liquid and gas interface does not exist. A supercritical fluid can diffuse through solids like a gas and dissolves materials like a liquid. Because of its relatively low critical point when compared to the other commonly used solvents, sc-CO 2 is one of the most commonly used and studied supercritical fluid. The critical temperature and critical pressure of CO 2 are 31.1 • C and 7.38 MPa, respectively. 14 ...

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Investigation of thick cobalt films electrodeposited on gold substrates

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Investigation of thermally evaporated nanocrystalline thin cobalt films

Investigation of thermally evaporated nanocrystalline thin cobalt films

Effects of a Constant Magnetic Field on the Electrochemical Reactions of Quercetin

Crystal Growth of Cobalt Film Fabricated by Electrodeposition with Dense Carbon Dioxide

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