Graphene devices require electric contacts with metals, particularly with gold. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies of electron local density of states performed on mono-, bi-, and trigraphene layer deposited on metallic Au/Cr/SiO2/Si substrate shows that gold substrate causes the Fermi level shift downwards which means that holes are donated by metal substrate to graphene which becomes p-type doped. These experimental results are in good accordance with recently published density function theory calculations.
We present evidence that ultra-thin Bi(110) nanostructures oxidise from the edges, and that their top surfaces remain unoxidised. Even after prolonged oxidation, clean (unoxidised) bismuth is present in nanostructures that are less than 5 monolayers thick. Since the (110) surface of bulk bismuth is known to be readily oxidised, this is strong evidence for a thin film allotrope of bismuth. We present a comparison with calculated structures and the structures of polymeric nitrogen, which suggests that the allotrope is one of several complex or hybrid paired-layer structures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.