Investigation of the super healing theory in continuum damage and healing mechanics

Abstract

Self-healing is the capability of a material to heal (repair) damages autogenously and autonomously. New theoretical investigation extended from the healing material which represents a strengthening material was recently proposed. It concerns the theory of super healing. The healing in this case continues beyond what is necessary to recover the original stiffness of the material, and the material becomes able to strengthen itself. In the present work, the definition of the super healing theory is extended and defined based on the elastic stiffness variation. It concerns the degradation, recovery, and strengthening of the elastic stiffness in the case of damage, healing, and super healing materials, respectively. Comparison of the healing and super healing efficiencies between the hypotheses of the elastic strain and elastic energy equivalence is carried out. The classical super healing definition is also extended to generalized nonlinear and quadratic super healing based on elastic stiffness strengthening, and comparison of the super healing behavior in each theory is performed. It is found that the hypothesis of the elastic energy equivalence overestimates both the generalized nonlinear and quadratic super healed elastic stiffness strengthening. In addition, the generalized nonlinear super healing theory gives a high strengthening of the super healed elastic stiffness compared to the quadratic super healing theory in both equivalence hypotheses. It is also demonstrated that both the generalized nonlinear and quadratic super healing theories can be applied in the case of plane stress.

Linking fatigue response of asphalt binders, mastics, and asphalt concrete mixture modified by nano-silica and synthesized polyurethane

“…The continuum damage mechanics approach has been successfully used in asphalt binder materials. Obtained results indicated the high reliability of this method is in asphalt mixtures (Oucif et al., 2018).…”

Continuum Damage-Healing and Super Healing Mechanics in Brittle Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review

“…The damage variable can mostly be defined based on either cross-sectional or elastic stiffness reduction. The expressions of the damage variable based on cross-sectional reduction and elastic stiffness reduction are expressed as follows [86]:…”

“…As the damage is well-known to reduce the cross-section and material stiffness, the healing takes an opposite role of the recovering of the cross-section and material stiffness (see Figure 2). Then, the healing variable can be defined respectively as a function of the cross-section and material stiffness recovery follows [86]:…”

“…It was found that both theories lead to a material that undergoes zero damage during the deformation process. Later on, an investigation of the super healing theory in terms of the elastic stiffness variation was performed in which the hypotheses of elastic strain and elastic energy equivalence were used [86]. Using the hypothesis of elastic strain equivalence, the following expressions of damage, healing and super healing elastic stiffness are respectively expressed as…”

Micromechanics-based damage model for liquid-assisted healing

“…(2019) investigated healing of fatigue damage by laser repair. Other, more general works, present the thermodynamic relations of damage and healing (Darabi et al., 2012; Oucif et al., 2019; Voyiadjis et al., 2011, 2020; Voyiadjis and Kattan, 2018) in a universal framework and independent of a particular material model. The healing evolution is derived in form of a healing potential, similar to an inverse dissipation potential.…”