Investigation of the Prevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 DNA in Korean Plasmapheresis Donors

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection is common among blood donors, and healthy blood donors can transmit virus via transfusion. Due to resistance of B19 to viral inactivation methods, there is a potential concern regarding transfusion safety in blood products. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence, molecular epidemiology, and quantitation of B19 DNA levels in blood donors in Tehran, Iran. A total of 500 blood donors from Blood Transfusion Research Center were studied. ELISA was used for detection of B19 IgG and IgM and nested PCR was carried out for detection of B19 DNA. PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing. B19 viral load was determined by real time PCR. B19 IgG, IgM, and DNA were detected in 27.6, 2.6, and 1.2% of donors respectively. Ten samples (2%) were positive for both antibodies while in four cases (0.8%), B19 IgG and DNA detected simultaneously. One case had B19 IgM, IgG, and viremia concurrently. The titers of B19 DNA in four of six donors were more than 10 IU/mL (high level viremia) and all four cases had IgG simultaneously. All B19 isolates categorized in genotype 1A. Our findings indicated that prevalence of B19 DNA in Iranian blood donors was comparable with previous studies throughout the world. High level B19 viremia found in 0.8% of our donors and all viremic donors revealed neutralizing B19 antibody. Therefore implementation of a B19 screening test for each volunteer blood donor does not appear to be necessary but B19 testing for plasma-derived products seems important in Iranian donors.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence, molecular epidemiology and quantitation of parvovirus B19 DNA levels in Iranian blood donors

Zadsar

Aghakhani

Banifazl

et al. 2018

“…In previous studies performed among blood donors in the São Paulo state, the detected prevalence was between 0% and 1% ( n = 1 of 100 blood samples) . The rate of B19V DNA detection in South Brazil was similar to studies performed in blood donors from Ghana (1.3%) and Iran (1.2%) but higher than prevalences observed in other countries like Japan (0.01%), Korea (0.1%), China (0.06%‐0.58%); Germany, 0.66%, Denmark (0.006%), Portugal (0.18%), Netherlands (0.56%), and the United States (0.88%) . These differences could be due to geographic or seasonal differences of B19V circulation, and the sensitivity of the applied PCR detection methods …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Parvovirus B19 seroprevalence, viral load, and genotype characterization in volunteer blood donors from southern Brazil

Slavov

Rodrigues

Sauvage

et al. 2019

Usually transmitted via respiratory droplets, parvovirus B19 (B19V) can also be acquired by blood transfusion especially because of viral persistence, resistance to blood treatment procedures, and high viral load during the early infection phase. This is particularly problematic in immunocompromised or anemic patients where the infection can have a severe outcome. As B19V DNA was detected in blood donations from South Brazil during a viral metagenomic survey performed by Next-Generation Sequencing, the objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the seroprevalence, B19V DNA presence and circulating genotypes in a Hospital Blood Transfusion Service in Santa Maria city in South Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state). Among 480 volunteer blood donors, 53.9% (n = 258 of 479) were anti-B19V IgGpositive, and 9 (1.9%) plasma samples presented B19V DNA. In almost all cases (n = 7 of 9, 77.8%), B19V DNA load was accompanied by the presence of anti-B19V IgG suggesting a persistent infection. The sequencing of the strains demonstrated that all belong to genotype 1 which is the most prevalent worldwide. The analysis of the recipient information of the positive for B19V DNA units revealed no related posttransfusion adverse effects. Our results demonstrate for the first time, B19V seroprevalence, viral load, and genotypes among blood donors from South Brazil and give a light for the circulation and impact of this B19V in this part of the country. K E Y W O R D S blood donors, genotypes, parvovirus B19, real-time polymerase chain reaction, seroprevalence J Med Virol. 2019;91:1224-1231. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jmv 1224 |

“…We detected a seroprevalence of 62.2% and the positivity of IgM was 0.06% in SANBS blood donors which is comparable with the seroprevalence in other reports . Varying PVB19 IgG prevalence has been reported ranging from 6% to 82.3% .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We detected a PVB19 DNA prevalence of 0.9%, which is comparable with other studies in blood donors demonstrating a PBV19 DNA prevalence ranging from 0.03‐1.3% . A United States study reported a PVB19 DNA prevalence of 0.88% with low PVB19 DNA viral loads ranging from 20‐1869 IU/ml .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Parvovirus B19 in South African blood donors

Francois

Parboosing

Moodley

2019

Background: Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is transmitted via transfusion of blood and blood products. PVB19 is resistant to viral inactivation methods, which poses a threat to blood safety. We investigated the prevalence of PVB19 antibodies and DNA in healthy blood donors from the South African National Blood Bank Service to evaluate the necessity of PVB19 DNA testing. Study Design and Method: A retrospective analysis of 1500 residual plasma specimens from healthy blood donors from the SANBS repository were screened in mini-pools of 20 for PVB19 DNA using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive pools were resolved by individual viral load testing and screened for PVB19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to correlate viral loads with serological status. PVB19 IgG prevalence was determined by testing 90 randomly selected specimens from the 1500 plasma specimens. Results: The prevalence of PVB19 IgG, IgM and IgG, and DNA was 62.2%, 0.06%, and 0.9%, respectively. Fourteen of the 1500 blood donor specimens received, had detectable PVB19 viral loads. Nine of the fourteen donors with detectable viral loads were PVB19 IgG seropositive. The PVB19 viral loads ranged from 1.81 to 5.32 log IU/mL. Four of the fourteen viraemic donors had a viraemia >10 4 IU/mL. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a low prevalence of PVB19 DNA in SANBS blood donors. The predominance of low-level viraemia and the presence of PVB19 antibodies, suggests that the risk of transfusion transmission of PVB19 among SANBS donors may be relatively low.