Investigation of the Phytoconstituents and Bioactivity of Various Parts of Wild Type and Cultivated <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae is a common medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In order to evaluate the phytoconstituents and bioactivity of various parts of P. emblica, both the wild type (i.e., small) and cultivated (i.e., big) fruits were collected from the local market of Bangladesh and six ethanolic extracts were prepared from various parts of the collected fruits for this current study. A comparative analysis of the phytochemical compositions and various bioactivities especially antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity of the six ethanolic extracts were accomplished. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of plant extracts revealed the presence of large amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and resins etc. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed for wild type P. emblica seed extracts and the minimum activity was observed for cultivated flesh extracts. Moreover, among the samples the wild type P. emblica extracts have excellent amount of total phenol contents and the highest free radical scavenging activity. It is also found that P. emblica samples were active against both gram-positive (i.e., B. subtilis) and gram-negative (i.e., E. coli, and S. typhi) bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was achieved in the wild type P. emblica seed extracts against both pathogenic (S. typhi) and non-pathogenic bacterial strains (E. coli, and B. subtilis). These samples showed almost no activity against Fusarium sp. fungus.

Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity and in vivo Cytotoxicity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles as Potent Therapeutics

“…The MIC value was determined to identify the minimum amount of bAgNPs (i.e., Aq-bAgNPs and Et-bAgNPs) required to inhibit the growth of a particular bacterial strain. The MIC value of the as-synthesized bAgNPs was determined according to the broth dilution method (Mondal et al, 2017). Briefly, 990 μl of fresh LB broth was inoculated with 10 μl of overnight grown bacterial culture and incubated at 37°C and 120 rpm for 4 h. After incubation, different amounts (i.e., 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 μg) of either Aq-bAgNPs or Et-bAgNPs was added to the bacterial culture and incubated at 37°C and 120 rpm overnight.…”

“…Recent approaches for the synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract as the source of reducing agents instead of chemicals including NaHB 4 (Mehr et al, 2015) and citric acid (Kilin et al, 2008) for the reduction of silver nitrate are easier, more effective, cost-effective, and ecofriendly (Schluesener and Schluesener, 2013; Poulose et al, 2014). There are several plants including Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus emblica , and Centella asiatica have medicinal applications (Mondal et al, 2017; Polash et al, 2017; Masum et al, 2019). Because these plants contain various secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, andrographolides, and so on), they have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities (Jain et al, 2019).…”

Investigation of the Phytoconstituents and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Diospyros malabarica</i> Fruit Extracts

“…Crude extracts and their stock solutions preparation were prepared according to our previously established protocol [21] [22] [23]. About 5 g of powdered materials of both seed and flesh were taken in clean conical flasks and mixed with 100 ml of the respective solvents.…”

Phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Centella asiatica(L.) Urb.leaf and stem

“…The ethanolic extracts of C. asiatica leaf and stem were prepared according to the previously published protocol , Mondal et al, 2017.The plant parts were extracted separately using 70% ethanol upon gentle shaking at 120 rpm and 37°C for 72 hours. It was then filtered using Whatman No.…”