Investigation of the Influence of Roughness and Dental Implant Design on Primary Stability via Analysis of Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

In the placement of dental implants, the primary fixation between the dental implant and the bone is of great importance and corresponds to compressive mechanical fixation that aims to prevent micromovement of the implant. The aim of this research was to determine the role of roughness and the type of dental implant (tissue-level or bone-level) in implant stability, measured using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and insertion torque (IT). We analyzed 234 titanium dental implants, placed in fresh calf ribs, at the half-tissue level and half-bone level. The implant surface was subjected to grit-blasting treatments with alumina particles of 120, 300, and 600 μm at a projection pressure of 2.5 bar, resulting in three types of roughness. Roughness was determined via optical interferometry. The wettability of the surfaces was also determined. Implant stability was measured using a high-precision torquemeter to obtain IT, and RFA was used to determine the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The results show that rough surfaces with Sa values of 0.5 to 4 μm do not affect the primary stability. However, the type of implant is important; bone-level implants obtained the highest primary stability values. A good correlation between the primary stability values obtained via IT and ISQ was demonstrated. New in vivo studies are necessary to know whether these results can be maintained in the long term.

Enhancement of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Bioactivity and Proliferation on Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia/TiO2 Surface Coating of Titanium Alloys: An In-Vitro Study

“…These two aspects are the most common parameters used for the evaluation of surface properties, also closely related to each other and play an important role in influencing the bioactivity and biological compatibility of ceramic coatings [36]. The surface wettability will increase along with the reduction in the roughness value on a surface [19,37]. However, in this study, the 0.2T coating, which exhibits the highest surface roughness and displayed a slightly low wettability value with a contact angle of 112.5 ± 3.1 • .…”

“…Based on the research conducted by Ding, et al [18], it is the presence of porosities with dimensions smaller than 5 µm that plays a pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation and subsequent bone tissue growth, ultimately leading to a good bond between implant material and bone. Surface roughness of materials can influence cell adhesion and proliferation, and rough surfaces are generally considered better for cells [19]. Initial cell adhesion to material surfaces is believed to take place via mechanical contact.…”