Investigation of the influence of exposure time on the dual-curing reaction of RPU 70 during the DLS process and the resulting mechanical part properties

Obst, Philip; Riedelbauch, Julius; Oehlmann, Paul; Rietzel, Dominik; Launhardt, Martin; Schmölzer, Stefan; Osswald, Tim A.; Witt, Gerd

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.101002

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The resins which displayed similar performance where those sold by Carbon3D and based on the dual curing processing. If we compare the

results and the full processing times we obtained with the results presented on Carbon3D technology in the open literature [ 2 , 4 , 5 ] we can notice that proposed approach is fast and lead to comparable

performance. The viscosity of the blends studied in this paper are higher than those of the systems commercially available.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some of the best performing resins offered by Carbon3D are based on dual curing approach in which photocuring is followed by thermal curing [3]. Obst et al [4] discussed the influence of different exposure times on the dual curing reaction of a polyurethane-based resin used in the DLS technology. The resin used in their study was a blend of acrylate and polyurethane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy Based Blends for Additive Manufacturing by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Printing: The Effect of Blending and Dual Curing on Daylight Curable Resins

et al. 2020

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Epoxy-based blends printable in a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) printer were studied. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) mixed with Diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA) was used due to the easy processing in liquid form at room temperature and slower reactivity until heated over 150 ° C. The DGEBA/DETDA resin was mixed with a commercial daylight photocurable resin used for LCD screen 3D printing. Calorimetric, dynamic mechanical and rheology testing were carried out on the resulting blends. The daylight resins showed to be thermally curable. Resin’s processability in the LCD printer was evaluated for all the blends by rheology and by 3D printing trials. The best printing conditions were determined by a speed cure test. The use of a thermal post-curing cycle after the standard photocuring in the LCD printer enhanced the glass transition temperature T g of the daylight resin from 45 to 137 ° C when post-curing temperatures up to 180 ° C were used. The T g reached a value of 174 ° C mixing 50 wt% of DGEBA/DETDA resin with the photocurable resin when high temperature cure cycle was used.

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“…The resins which displayed similar performance where those sold by Carbon3D and based on the dual curing processing. If we compare the

performance. The viscosity of the blends studied in this paper are higher than those of the systems commercially available.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Based Blends for Additive Manufacturing by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Printing: The Effect of Blending and Dual Curing on Daylight Curable Resins

et al. 2020

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“…AM technologies offer a broad range of relatively new processes using different procedures, energy sources and materials for a layer wise production. All have complex manufacturing mechanisms in common, such as surface quality, mechanical properties, process time, cost and many more, suggesting a high number of influential process parameters are needed in order to achieve optimum results [4]. This condition in combination with a lack of inline process monitoring and unknown failure mechanisms suggests the possibility to generate large amounts of data, which is an important prerequisite for the use of AI.…”

Section: Artificial Neural Network In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Fused Filament Fabrication using Artificial Neural Networks

Oehlmann

Osswald

Blanco³

et al. 2021

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

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With industries pushing towards digitalized production, adaption to expectations and increasing requirements for modern applications, has brought additive manufacturing (AM) to the forefront of Industry 4.0. In fact, AM is a main accelerator for digital production with its possibilities in structural design, such as topology optimization, production flexibility, customization, product development, to name a few. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widespread and practical tool for rapid prototyping that also demonstrates the importance of AM technologies through its accessibility to the general public by creating cost effective desktop solutions. An increasing integration of systems in an intelligent production environment also enables the generation of large-scale data to be used for process monitoring and process control. Deep learning as a form of artificial intelligence (AI) and more specifically, a method of machine learning (ML) is ideal for handling big data. This study uses a trained artificial neural network (ANN) model as a digital shadow to predict the force within the nozzle of an FFF printer using filament speed and nozzle temperatures as input data. After the ANN model was tested using data from a theoretical model it was implemented to predict the behavior using real-time printer data. For this purpose, an FFF printer was equipped with sensors that collect real time printer data during the printing process. The ANN model reflected the kinematics of melting and flow predicted by models currently available for various speeds of printing. The model allows for a deeper understanding of the influencing process parameters which ultimately results in the determination of the optimum combination of process speed and print quality.

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“…Obst et al [ 59 ] analyzed the effect of light exposure on the dual-curing processing of commercial formulation RPU 70 from Carbon, Inc. (Redwood City, CA, USA) and the resulting material properties. This material is a two-component system, A and B, which is only mixed prior to processing to prevent dark reaction upon storage.…”

Section: Sequential Dual-curing Systems Combining Two Polymerizatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

et al. 2020

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Dual-curing thermosetting systems are recently being developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems due to their processing flexibility and the possibility of enhancing the properties of cured parts in single- or multi-stage processing scenarios. Most dual-curing systems currently employed in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are aimed at improving the quality and properties of the printed parts. However, further benefit can be obtained from control in the curing sequence, making it possible to obtain partially reacted 3D-printed parts with tailored structure and properties, and to complete the reaction by activation of a second polymerization reaction in a subsequent processing stage. This paves the way for a range of novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of this intermediate material and the final consolidation of the 3D-printed part after this second processing stage. In this review, different strategies and the latest developments based on the concept of dual-curing are analyzed, with a focus on the enhanced functionality and emerging applications of the processed materials.

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Investigation of the influence of exposure time on the dual-curing reaction of RPU 70 during the DLS process and the resulting mechanical part properties

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Epoxy Based Blends for Additive Manufacturing by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Printing: The Effect of Blending and Dual Curing on Daylight Curable Resins

Epoxy Based Blends for Additive Manufacturing by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Printing: The Effect of Blending and Dual Curing on Daylight Curable Resins

Modeling Fused Filament Fabrication using Artificial Neural Networks

Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

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