Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

Fernández‐Francos, Xavier; Konuray, Osman; Ramis, Xavier; Serra, Àngels; Flor, Silvia De la

doi:10.3390/ma14010107

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Additionally, dual curing stereolithographic resins from petroleum-based acrylate and epoxy monomers were formulated and presented as suitable for producing materials with different shape and size [9][10][11]. This area is still largely unexplored as limited amount of publications have been published so far [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography

et al. 2021

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The use of renewable sources for optical 3D printing instead of petroleum-based materials is increasingly growing. Combinations of photo- and thermal polymerization in dual curing processes can enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the synthesized thermosets. Consequently, thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy polymers were obtained by combining UV and thermal curing of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil with thiols, benzene-1,3-dithiol and pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate). Thiol-epoxy reaction was studied by calorimetry. The changes of rheological properties were examined during UV, thermal and dual curing to select the most suitable formulations for laser direct writing (LDW). The obtained polymers were characterized by dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and mechanical testing. The selected dual curable mixture was tested in LDW 3D lithography for validating its potential in optical micro- and nano-additive manufacturing. The obtained results demonstrated the suitability of epoxidized linseed oil as a biobased alternative to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in thiol-epoxy thermal curing reactions. Dual cured thermosets showed higher rigidity, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values compared with UV-cured thiol-ene polymers and the highest thermal stability from all prepared polymers. LDW results proved their suitability for high resolution 3D printing—individual features reaching an unprecedented 100 nm for plant-based materials. Finally, the biobased resin was tested for thermal post-treatment and 50% feature downscaling was achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, numerous works were recently carried out to study the feasibility of exploiting epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a reactive compatibilizer [89] or plasticizing agent for PLA-based materials intended for 3D printing [90]. Moreover, ESO can be also employed for the preparation of temperature or UV-curable resins for SLA 3D printing or digital light processing (DLP) [91]. Cui et al developed a hybrid resin based on ESO and acrylates for SLA 3D printing.…”

Section: Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is a group of innovative technologies that are increasingly employed for the production of 3D objects in different fields, including pharmaceutics, engineering, agri-food and medicines. The most processed materials by 3D printing techniques (e.g., fused deposition modelling, FDM; selective laser sintering, SLS; stereolithography, SLA) are polymeric materials since they offer chemical resistance, are low cost and have easy processability. However, one main drawback of using these materials alone (e.g., polylactic acid, PLA) in the manufacturing process is related to the poor mechanical and tensile properties of the final product. To overcome these limitations, fillers can be added to the polymeric matrix during the manufacturing to act as reinforcing agents. These include inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibers, silicon, ceramic or metals. One emerging approach is the employment of natural polymers (polysaccharides and proteins) as reinforcing agents, which are extracted from plants or obtained from biomasses or agricultural/industrial wastes. The advantages of using these natural materials as fillers for 3D printing are related to their availability together with the possibility of producing printed specimens with a smaller environmental impact and higher biodegradability. Therefore, they represent a “green option” for 3D printing processing, and many studies have been published in the last year to evaluate their ability to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects. The present review provides an overview of the recent literature regarding natural polymers as reinforcing agents for 3D printing.

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“…Introducing a second network with adjustable composition and structure into the cross-linked polymer to fabricate a double network polymer electrolyte (DN-PE) can efficiently avoid the above defects. [36][37][38] This is because the second cross-linked network can be flexibly regulated by designing the polymerization process and introducing functional monomers with various components and structure, thus providing an excellent comprehensive properties for the obtained polymer material. For example, Devatha et al constructed a two-stage network via thiol-acrylate Michael addition reaction (first stage curing) and photoinitiated radical polymerization (second stage curing).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Salt‐Induced In Situ Polymerizations Enable Double Network Polymer Electrolytes

Zhang

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Structural design is an intriguing strategy to improve the physical and electrochemical performance of polymer electrolytes (PEs) for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the complex synthetic process and introduction of nonelectrolyte composition severely limit the development and practical application of PEs. Here, a facile method is reported for the fabrication of a double network polymer electrolyte (DN‐PE) through combining the lithium salt‐accelerated thiol‐Michael addition and lithium salt‐catalyzed radical polymerization. By adjusting the reaction temperature, the double network with the cross‐linking structure can be in situ formed step by step at room temperature and 80 °C. Notably, using lithium salt as the accelerator and catalyst avoids the addition of extra species and the related side reactions in the electrolyte system. Compared with single network polymer electrolyte (SN‐PE), DN‐PE has a distinctly improved mechanical strength and a better interfacial compatibility with the electrode, which leads to a stable cycling of the symmetric Li|DN‐PE|Li cell over 1000 h at a current density of 0.05 mA cm–2. In addition, the Li|DN‐PE|LiFePO4 cell shows a high discharge specific capacity of 150.3 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C and coulomb efficiency of 99%.

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Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

Cited by 19 publications

References 81 publications

Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography

Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

Lithium Salt‐Induced In Situ Polymerizations Enable Double Network Polymer Electrolytes

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