Investigation of the hemolytic effects of various organophosphoric acid triesters (OPEs) and their structure‐activity relationship

Lin

et al. 2016

Talanta

a b s t r a c tBoth polyurethane foam (PUF) and sorbent-impregnated PUF (SIP) passive air sampling (PAS) methods were deployed and compared separately for the analysis of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in outdoor atmospheric environment. During an continuous period of 84 days, parallel samples were also collected by a high-volume active air sampler (HV-AAS) to assess the contamination levels and to calibrate uptake parameters of PAS. The total concentration of OPEs in both particulate and gaseous phases ranged from 1.50 to 5.64 ng m À 3 in ambient air. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the dominating analog, representing 78 79% of total OPE concentration. SIP-PAS showed longer linear-phase sampling period for TCPP, and accumulated more amount of the most volatile triethyl phosphate (TEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) homologues, while similar sorption performances of both PAS methods were found for most of the semi-volatile OPEs. Linear sampling rates in PUF-PAS and SIP-PAS disks were calculated for individual OPEs except for TEP and TBP, and the average uptake rates (3.37 1.1 and 3.57 1.7 m 3 d À 1 , respectively) were close to the acknowledged value (4 m À 3 d À 1) for persistent organic pollutants. Besides, isotopic labeled D 15 -Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) could be used as a viable depuration compound to calculate site-specific sampling rates of OPEs, with a linear loss of up to ∼60% at the end of deployment time.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two passive samplers for the analysis of organophosphate esters in the ambient air

Lin

et al. 2016

Talanta

“…TPP can cause contact dermatitis in humans [5,6]. In vitro studies have demonstrated that TPP has endocrine disrupting [7], hemolytic [8] and neurotoxic potentials [9]. Additional in vitro studies have indicated that TDCPP may be mutagenic [10], nephrotoxic and neurotoxic [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2011

Organophosphate triesters tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are widely used flame retardants (FRs) present in many products common to human environments, yet understanding of human exposure, and health effects of these compounds is limited. Monitoring urinary metabolites as biomarkers of exposure can be a valuable aid for improving this understanding; however, no previously published method exists for the analysis of the primary TDCPP metabolite, bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), in human urine. Here we present a method to extract the metabolites BDCPP and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in human urine using mixed-mode anion exchange solid phase extraction and mass-labeled internal standards with analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-LC/MS-MS). The method detection limit was 8 pg mL−1 urine for BDCPP and 204 pg mL−1 for DPP. Recoveries of analytes spiked into urine ranged from 82 ± 10% to 91 ± 4% for BDCPP and from 72 ± 12% to 76 ± 8% for DPP. Analysis of a small number of urine samples (n=9) randomly collected from non occupationally exposed adults revealed the presence of both BDCPP and DPP in all samples. Non-normalized urinary concentrations ranged from 46–1662 pg BDCPP mL−1 and 287–7443 pg DPP mL−1, with geometric means of 147 pg BDCPP mL−1 and 1074 pg DPP mL−1. Levels of DPP were higher than those of BDCPP in 89% of samples. The presented method is simple and sufficiently sensitive to detect these FR metabolites in humans and may be applied to future studies to increase our understanding of exposure and potential health effects to FRs.

J of Separation Science

“…The EC20 values for TPhP and EHDPP were determined to be 10 lg g -1 and 1.1 lg g -1 , respectively [16]. In studies on human health TPhP has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of human blood monocyte carboxyl esterase [17] and has documented contact allergenic properties [18 -19].…”

Section: Organophosphate Esters -Occurrence and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of organophosphate ester plasticisers in blood donor plasma using a new stir‐bar assisted microporous membrane liquid‐liquid extractor

Jonsson

Nilsson²

2003

Determination of organophosphate ester plasticisers in blood donor plasma using a new stir-bar assisted microporous membrane liquidliquid extractor A new stir-bar assisted microporous membrane liquid-liquid extractor (MMLLE) was used for clean-up of organophosphate esters in blood plasma. The plasma sample was stirred on one side of a planar membrane while the receiving organic phase was continuously pumped on the other side. Recoveries for eight different organophosphate esters were between 30 and 89% and relative standard deviations between 1.2 and 15%. The method limits of detection, when extracting 5 g plasma and analysing the extract with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorus detector, were between 0.2 and 0.9 ng g -1 plasma at S/N = 3. The extraction efficiency in terms of analyte mass transfer per time unit through the membrane was shown to be much higher for stir-bar assisted MMLLE compared to the more commonly used flow-cell type of membrane extractor. Blood donor plasma collected with three different types of whole blood collection bag system was analysed with respect to organophosphate ester plasticisers. In plasma from one type of bag system, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) were detected at concentrations of 0.053 -0.13 lg g -1 and 0.73 -1.2 lg g -1 plasma, respectively. The main source of the organophosphate esters was found to be the whole blood collection bag system, with some parts containing EHDPP at concentrations of approximately 60 lg g -1 . In plasma collected with the other two types of bag systems, no detectable levels of organophosphate esters were found.