Determination of organophosphate ester plasticisers in blood donor plasma using a new stir‐bar assisted microporous membrane liquid‐liquid extractor

Abstract

Determination of organophosphate ester plasticisers in blood donor plasma using a new stir-bar assisted microporous membrane liquidliquid extractor A new stir-bar assisted microporous membrane liquid-liquid extractor (MMLLE) was used for clean-up of organophosphate esters in blood plasma. The plasma sample was stirred on one side of a planar membrane while the receiving organic phase was continuously pumped on the other side. Recoveries for eight different organophosphate esters were between 30 and 89% and relative standard deviations between 1.2 and 15%. The method limits of detection, when extracting 5 g plasma and analysing the extract with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorus detector, were between 0.2 and 0.9 ng g -1 plasma at S/N = 3. The extraction efficiency in terms of analyte mass transfer per time unit through the membrane was shown to be much higher for stir-bar assisted MMLLE compared to the more commonly used flow-cell type of membrane extractor. Blood donor plasma collected with three different types of whole blood collection bag system was analysed with respect to organophosphate ester plasticisers. In plasma from one type of bag system, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) were detected at concentrations of 0.053 -0.13 lg g -1 and 0.73 -1.2 lg g -1 plasma, respectively. The main source of the organophosphate esters was found to be the whole blood collection bag system, with some parts containing EHDPP at concentrations of approximately 60 lg g -1 . In plasma collected with the other two types of bag systems, no detectable levels of organophosphate esters were found.

Metabolites of phosphate flame retardants and alternative plasticizers in urine from intensive care patients

“…It is also unclear whether other plasticizer chemicals, such as phosphate flameretardants and plasticizers (PFRs), are applied in medical devices as an alternative to DEHP. One study found that certain whole blood collection systems contained high concentrations of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which might be of significance for the medical treatment of patients who have a large part of their plasma exchanged [10]. Another study has reported higher concentrations of PFRs in hospital dust compared to private home environments due to the presence of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDICPP), tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) [11].…”

Sources and human exposure implications of concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from UK cars, classrooms, living rooms, and offices

“…The currently available data were reviewed recently (Van der Veen and de Boer, 2012) indicating that chlorinated alkyl phosphates are suspected carcinogens, with other effects also reported. These include: reduced thyroid hormone levels for TDCIPP (Meeker and Stapleton, 2010); contact dermatitis (Camarasa and Serra-Baldrich, 1992) and links with altered hormone levels and decreased semen quality for TPHP (Meeker and Stapleton, 2010); neurotoxicity for TDCIPP (Dishaw et al 2011), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (Umezu et al, 1998), and tri-cresylphosphate (TMPP) (Bolgar et al, 2008); haemolytic effects for 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) (Jonsson and Nilsson, 2003); and increased risk of mucosal symptoms of sick housing Environment International 83 (2015) …”

Determination of organophosphate esters in water samples by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

“…With regard to the analytical method of OPEs, an enrichment step (SPE or SPME) followed by determination with GC–MS or GC with nitrogen phosphorous detection (NPD) is normally performed. However, neither GC–MS nor GC–NPD can meet the requirement of analysis.…”