Investigation of the Effect of Fluperlapine on the EEG in Schizophrenic Patients

Abstract

The investigations of the EEG during an open study with the antipsychotic drug fluperlapine in acute schizophrenic patients are reported. Due to ethical and practical considerations some of the common pharmacoelectroencephalographic procedures as well as placebo controlled study designs could not be applied in these patients. To overcome at least partly these limitations, intraindividual as well as interindividual correlations were used. They were computed between plasma concentrations of unchanged fluperlapine as well as its metabolite N-oxide fluperlapine, on one hand, and EEG variables, on the other. The intraindividual correlations can be computed either on the first day of the active treatment over various time points of that day (acute effects) or across several appointed treatment days always taking values at the same time during these days (chronic effects). The intraindividual correlations of a set of subjects were submitted to a sign test to obtain an overall result for the relation between the EEG and blood plasma levels of the drug. In this way an acute and a chronic effect of fluperlapine on the EEG could be shown consisting mainly of an increase in slow waves, a decrease in the α-activity and a tendency of β-activity to decrease. A comparison of the correlations between the plasma levels of fluperlapine and the EEG variables with the correlations between the plasma levels of N-oxide fluperlapine and the EEG give rise to the hypothesis that unchanged fluperlapine has a stronger effect on the EEG than its metabolite.

New Woody and Ambery Notes from Cedarwood and Turpentine Oil

“…50%) by crystallization. As the two most-promising starting materials in the search for new woody and ambery odorants, we chose longifolene (6), which is obtained from turpentine oil (Pinus longifolia; content: 5 ± 10%) [4], and acedrene (7), which is obtained from cedarwood oil (Juniperus chinensis; content: 20 ± 46%) [5]. Woody and ambery notes play a decisive role in modern perfumery.…”

“…A simple derivatization of the first-generation product 8 is, e.g., the acetylation to acetylisolongifolene (9; Capinone ), which is described as woody (Scheme 1). Chemists from Bush, Boake & Allen investigated the Prins reaction of 8 with formaldehyde already in the 1970s [6], and commercialized 10, which possesses ambery, cedarwood-and vetiver-like aspects, as Amborylacetate . Vetiver oil is also a natural product of the woody family, though it is not obtained from wood, but from the roots of the grass Vetiveria zizanoides.…”

New Woody and Ambery Notes from Cedarwood and Turpentine Oil

“…Chemists from Bush, Boake & Allen investigated the Prins reaction of 8 with formaldehyde already in the 1970s [6], and commercialized 10, which possesses ambery, cedarwood-and vetiver-like aspects, as Amborylacetate . Vetiver oil is also a natural product of the woody family, though it is not obtained from wood, but from the roots of the grass Vetiveria zizanoides.…”