Investigation of the clinical value of total saliva flow rates

Wang, S.L; Zhao, Zinan; Li, J; Zhu, Xiaoyu; Dong, Hao; Zhang, Y.G

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00092-7

Cited by 63 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Xerostomia was reported by 68.9% of the 90 participants in our observational study, which also agreed with other studies (19,25). Measurement of UWS is the most reliable method for quantifying the salivary function (38), and the mean UWS (0.162 Ϯ 0.107 ml/min) of our patients was significantly lower than the normal reference value of 0.25 to 0.5 ml/min (35). We also found that hyperdipsic patients had extremely low baseline UWS (0.09 ml/min in the pilot study [ Figure 3]; 0.11 and 0.09 ml/min in each group, respectively, in the interventional trial [ Tables 4 and 6]), which was comparable with that of patients who received radiotherapy for head and neck tumors (0.113 ml/min) (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Decreased Salivary Flow Rate as a Dipsogenic Factor in Hemodialysis Patients

Sung¹,

Kuo²,

Guo

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Decreased salivary flow rate causes xerostomia (symptoms of oral dryness) in patients who undergo hemodialysis (HD); however, whether it thus contributes to thirst and excess interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) remains undetermined. In the observational study, 3 mo of data of 90 stable HD patients were collected, and sensations of thirst and xerostomia were assessed by 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS). Multivariate analyses revealed that the VAS oral dryness score was an independent determinant for thirst, daily IDWG, and IDWG%. Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWS) was measured in 45 participants and was negatively correlated with VAS oral dryness score (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.690, P < 0.001), daily IDWG (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.361, P ‫؍‬ 0.016), and daily IDWG% (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.302, P ‫؍‬ 0.045). In the interventional trial, the test drug was 5 mg of oral pilocarpine solution or placebo. Three types of interventions for reducing thirst (the urge to drink) and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) are identified in the literature: dialysis protocol related (increasing frequency and varying sodium concentration) (6 -9), pharmaceutical (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI]) (10 -13), and dietetic interventions (10,14). However, no definite effectiveness could be shown (5), which might be explained by the fact that many of the underlying mechanisms for thirst and drinking behavior remain unknown.Known dipsogenic factors (factors that cause thirst and high fluid intake) in HD patients include high sodium intake, potassium depletion, increased blood urea, sugar and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels, and psychologic factors (2,3,5,10 -16). Another potential dipsogenic factor is the reduction of salivary flow rate. Recently, Brunstrom et al. (17) demonstrated that healthy volunteers consume more water and drink more frequently in the xerostomic state, which is induced by decreasing saliva in the oral cavity. Because xerostomia (symptoms of oral dryness), which is caused by the reduction of salivary flow, is prevalent among HD patients (18 -23), it is conceivable that the decreased salivary flow leads to thirst and excess IDWG. Some observational studies (24,25) have described an association between xerostomia and IDWG in HD patients; however, other known dipsogenic factors (e.g., blood urea, Ang II, sugar level) were not controlled in those studies. In addition, no interventional trial in the literature indexed by Medline has demonstrated the impact of the decreased salivary flow on IDWG. Therefore, whether the decreased salivary flow influences fluid intake in HD patients remains undetermined.We conducted a 3-mo prospective observational study followed by a trial of pilocarpine-a parasympathomimetic agent that has been shown effectively to increase salivary flow in radiation-induced xerostomia or Sjö gren syndrome (26 -29)-to determine whether the reduction of salivary flow contributes to exaggerated thirst and excess IDWG in HD patients and whether pilocarpine can alleviate it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Decreased Salivary Flow Rate as a Dipsogenic Factor in Hemodialysis Patients

Sung¹,

Kuo²,

Guo

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…The SS Disease Activity Index (SSDAI) score 26 and visual analog scale (VAS) for assessment of disease impact were assessed, and blood samples were taken for laboratory examinations, including hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, for each patient at each follow-up visit. For those with severe xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia at baseline, assessments performed at these time points included salivary flow rate test, determination of modified Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale for xerostomia score, 27 and sialography. Systemic improvements were graded by VAS score and SSDAI score at each visit time for those without obvious xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia at baseline.…”

Section: Follow-up Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates experimental and clinical Sjögren syndrome

Wang

Liu

et al. 2012

Blood

255

231

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“…Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, as it is more sensitive for detecting salivary characteristics (12). After saliva sampling, appointments were scheduled to treat existing dental caries, and the children were asked to continue their previous routine oral hygiene practices.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear reciprocal interaction between dental caries and salivary characteristics

et al. 2013

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Carious tooth surfaces can alter saliva in various ways. We investigated whether salivary parameters were affected by elimination of existing active dental caries in 99 children (age 6-12 years) with more than five carious tooth surfaces. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained from each child, and salivary characteristics were evaluated. One month after caries treatment that eliminated all existing dental caries, saliva sampling and analysis were repeated. Saliva viscosity significantly decreased (P = 0.04), while pH and saliva buffering capacity significantly increased (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in unstimulated salivary production at the start of the study and 1 month after caries elimination (P > 0.05). The relationship between dental caries and salivary condition is reciprocal. Treatment of existing dental caries can prevent future caries by improving saliva quality. (J Oral Sci 55, 337-342, 2013)

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Investigation of the clinical value of total saliva flow rates

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

Decreased Salivary Flow Rate as a Dipsogenic Factor in Hemodialysis Patients

Decreased Salivary Flow Rate as a Dipsogenic Factor in Hemodialysis Patients

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates experimental and clinical Sjögren syndrome

Linear reciprocal interaction between dental caries and salivary characteristics

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