Investigation of the Associations of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers—Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI)—With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), has a significant inflammatory component. White blood cell count is an affordable and accessible way to assess the systemic immune response, as it comprises many subgroups with distinct and complex functions. Considering their multidirectional effect on atherosclerosis, new biomarkers integrating various leukocyte subgroups, the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), were recently devised to describe the balance between inflammation and immune reaction. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship of the intensity of inflammation measured by these biomarkers with the severity of CAD assessed with coronary angiography and with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable CAD in 699 patients. SIRI, but not SII, was associated with the diagnosis, having the highest values for patients with ACS (STEMI), significantly higher than in patients with stable CAD (p < 0.01). The highest SII and SIRI values were observed in patients with three-vessel CAD. SII and SIRI require further in-depth and well-designed research to evaluate their potential in a clinical setting.

The Association between Serum Vitamin D Concentration and New Inflammatory Biomarkers—Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRI)—In Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

“…A comprehensive description of the patients’ characteristics is presented in Table 1 (data are presented as numbers (%) or medians (interquartile ranges)) and elsewhere [ 21 ].…”

“…A detailed description of the study population characteristics is presented elsewhere [ 21 ]. Results of patients who underwent coronary angiography due to suspected ACS and were treated with acetylsalicylic acid and atorvastatin or rosuvastatin were analyzed.…”

“…New biomarkers using three cell lines, the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and the systemic inflammatory reaction index (SII) were previously evaluated in the determination of the outcome of neoplastic diseases [ 19 , 20 ]. In cardiology, high SIRI was correlated with an increased risk of ACS in patients with chest pain [ 21 ], supraventricular tachycardia in patients with stroke [ 22 ], and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients after ACS treated with percutaneous intervention (PCI) [ 23 ]. SII was associated with an increased risk of MACE in patients with heart failure [ 24 ], after cardiosurgery [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and after PCI [ 23 , 29 ].…”

“…SII was associated with an increased risk of MACE in patients with heart failure [ 24 ], after cardiosurgery [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and after PCI [ 23 , 29 ]. It was also described to be correlated with collateral circulation development [ 30 ], contrast-induced nephropathy [ 31 , 32 ], massive pulmonary thrombosis risk [ 33 ], and coronary artery disease diagnosis and its severity [ 21 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…Taking into account the results of our recent article showing significantly higher SIRI and SII in patients with ACS [ 21 ] and lower serum calcitriol levels in this cohort compared with patients with stable IHD [ 60 ], the main objective of this research was to assess the association of these new biomarkers with serum calcitriol.…”