Investigation of Stability of Korean Ginseng in Herbal Drug Product

Babiker,

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2014.160.170

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Evidence suggests that there are numerous superior bioactivities present in RG compared to white ginseng [19,20]. The various health-promoting effects of RG have been reported to include alleviation of fatigue, protection from muscle damage after strenuous exercise, and improvements in energy metabolism [21][22][23][24]. Red ginseng has been reported to show an increase in multiple types of ginsenosides compared to white ginseng, including Rg3, Rk1, Rf, and Rg5 [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Shin

Choi

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Red ginseng has been reported to elicit various therapeutic effects relevant to cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of red ginseng on exercise endurance and skeletal muscle function remains unclear. Herein, we sought to investigate whether red ginseng could affect exercise endurance and examined its molecular mechanism. Mice were fed with red ginseng extract (RG) and undertook swimming exercises to determine the time to exhaustion. Animals fed with RG had significantly longer swimming endurance. RG treatment was also observed to enhance ATP production levels in myoblasts. RG increased mRNA expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, NRF-1, TFAM, and PGC-1α, which was accompanied by an elevation in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting an enhancement in mitochondrial energy-generating capacity. Importantly, RG treatment induced phosphorylation of p38 and AMPK and upregulated PGC1α expression in both myoblasts and in vivo muscle tissue. In addition, RG treatment also stimulated C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Our findings show that red ginseng improves exercise endurance, suggesting that it may have applications in supporting skeletal muscle function and exercise performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Shin

Choi

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…In Korea, red ginseng and various processed ginseng products are used popularly as functional foods or nutritional supplements. Based on recent studies, red ginseng has been reported to have biological benefits while inducing fewer side effects compared with fresh and white ginseng [7] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] . In addition, Korean Red Ginseng is known to possess various biological activities including boosting the immune system, improving the blood circulation, enhancing memory, antifatigue effects, antioxidant effects, and positive effects on menopausal disorder [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of Panax ginseng for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases: past findings and future directions

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Journal of Ginseng Research

124

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In recent years, several therapeutic drugs have been rationally designed and synthesized based on the novel knowledge gained from investigating the actions of biologically active chemicals derived from foods, plants, and medicinal herbs. One of the major advantages of these naturalistic chemicals is their ability to interact with multiple targets in the body resulting in a combined beneficial effect. Ginseng is a perennial herb (Araliaceae family), a species within the genus Panax, and a highly valued and popular medicinal plant. Evidence for the medicinal and health benefits of Panax ginseng and its components in preventing neurodegeneration has increased significantly in the past decade. The beneficial effects of P. ginseng on neurodegenerative diseases have been attributed primarily to the antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities of its ginsenoside components. Mechanistic studies on the neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides revealed that they act not only as antioxidants but also as modulators of intracellular neuronal signaling and metabolism, cell survival/death genes, and mitochondrial function. The goal of the present paper is to provide a brief review of recent knowledge and developments concerning the beneficial effects as well as the mechanism of action of P. ginseng and its components in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Adaptogens are reported to have a protective effect on health against a wide variety of environmental assaults and emotional conditions [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . In addition, the main biological activities of Korean Red Ginseng are known to include immune enhancement effects, the recovery of vital energy as well as the alleviation of fatigue, blood flow improvement, antioxidant effects, and the positive effects on memory enhancement and menopausal disorder [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] . Fresh ginseng is easily degraded at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition

Lee

Bae²,

Park³

et al. 2015

Journal of Ginseng Research

298

223

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It has been reported that Korean Red Ginseng has been manufactured for 1,123 y as described in the GoRyeoDoGyeong record. The Korean Red Ginseng manufactured by the traditional preparation method has its own chemical component characteristics. The ginsenoside content of the red ginseng is shown as Rg1: 3.3 mg/g, Re: 2.0 mg/g, Rb1: 5.8 mg/g, Rc:1.7 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.4 mg/g, respectively. It is known that Korean ginseng generally consists of the main root and the lateral or fine roots at a ratio of about 75:25. Therefore, the red ginseng extract is prepared by using this same ratio of the main root and lateral or fine roots and processed by the historical traditional medicine prescription. The red ginseng extract is prepared through a water extraction (90°C for 14–16 h) and concentration process (until its final concentration is 70–73 Brix at 50–60°C). The ginsenoside contents of the red ginseng extract are shown as Rg1: 1.3 mg/g, Re: 1.3 mg/g, Rb1: 6.4 mg/g, Rc:2.5 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.9 mg/g, respectively. Arginine-fructose-glucose (AFG) is a specific amino-sugar that can be produced by chemical reaction of the process when the fresh ginseng is converted to red ginseng. The content of AFG is 1.0–1.5% in red ginseng. Acidic polysaccharide, which has been known as an immune activator, is at levels of 4.5–7.5% in red ginseng. Therefore, we recommended that the chemical profiles of Korean Red Ginseng made through the defined traditional method should be well preserved and it has had its own chemical characteristics since its traditional development.

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Investigation of Stability of Korean Ginseng in Herbal Drug Product

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Beneficial effects of Panax ginseng for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases: past findings and future directions

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition

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