Investigation of some radiation shielding parameters in soft tissue

Salehi, Danial; Sardari, Dariush; Jozani, M. Salehi

doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2015.03.004

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The effectiveness of a potential shielding material towards a radiation beam can be examined according to many shielding parameters, with consideration of chemical composition, energy, and penetration thickness [ 14 ]. One measure that can be calculated is the linear attenuation coefficient ( µ ), which is an estimate of the remaining intensity ( I ) compared to the initial intensity ( I o ) of a beam after passing through a thickness of absorbent material ( x ) measured in cm, as shown in Equation (1) [ 15 , 16 ]:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of New Lead-Free Composite Materials as Potential Radiation Shields

et al. 2021

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Utilizing a polymer-based radiation shield offers lightweight, low cost, non-toxic compared to lead and solution for eliminating generated secondary neutrons. Incorporating silicon (i.e., one of the most abundant elements) in new applications, such as shielding, would have an impact on the economy and industry. In this study, seven potential shielding materials, composed of silicon, silicon carbide, and boron carbide embedded ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, are proposed. The shielding performance of these composite materials, including the attenuation coefficients (µ), the mass attenuation coefficients (µm), the half value layer (HVL), the mean free path (MFP), and the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were examined using photon beams. Measured µm were verified against the calculated values. The averaged agreement was within ±7.4% between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculation results. The HVL and MFP measured values for the polymer composites were lower than that for the pure EVA polymer, indicating the fillers in the polymers enhanced the shielding performance. The EVA + SiC (30%) and EVA + Si (15%) + B4C (15%) composites required the lowest thickness to stop 50% of the incident photons. The evaluation of experimental results of the RPE revealed that the polymer composites containing SiC (30%), Si (15%) + B4C (15%), or SiC (15%) + B4C (15%) succeeded in blocking 90–91% of X-rays at nearly 80 keV. However, a thicker shield of the proposed composite materials or combined layers with other high-Z materials could be used for higher energies.

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of New Lead-Free Composite Materials as Potential Radiation Shields

et al. 2021

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“…Hiremath and Chikkur (1993) and Manjunathaguru and Umesh (2006) have reported effective atomic numbers for some chemical compounds containing H, C, O and H, C, N, O atoms, respectively. Such studies in tissues and equivalent materials appear to be limited Bhandal and Singh, 1993;Kumar and Reddy, 1997;Shivaramu et al, 1999;Shivaramu and Ramprasath, 2000;Shivaramu et al, 2001;Shivaramu, 2002;Salehi et al, 2015;Kurudirek, 2014). Taylor et al (2012) proposed the Auto-Z eff software for calculation of effective atomic numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on effective atomic numbers and electron densities of nucleobases in DNA

Kumar

2016

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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“…10, 16 For example, the photoelectric absorption and pair production processes are the predominant type of interaction in lower (< 0.15-0.8 MeV) and higher (> 1 MeV) energies of photons. 27 Moreover, these processes are dependent on the atomic number of the target materials Z 4-5 and Z 2 respectively. 14, 16 For Compton scattering (around 0.1-5.0 MeV) has a linear dependence on Z.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective atomic number and photon buildup factor of bismuth doped tissue for photon and particles beam interaction

Srinivasan

Samuel

2022

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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Introduction: The doping of high Z nanoparticles into the tumor tissue increases the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy called nanoparticle enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). In the present study, we are identifying the effective types of radiation and effective doping concentration of bismuth radiosensitizer for NERT application by analyzing effective atomic number (Zeff) and photon buildup factor (PBF) of bismuth (Bi) doped soft tissue for the photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions. Material and methods: The direct method was used for the calculation of Zeff for photon and electron beams (10 keV-30 MeV). The phy-X/ZeXTRa software was utilized for the particle beams such as proton, alpha particle, and carbon ions (1-15 MeV). Bismuth doping concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/g were considered. The PBF was calculated over 15 keV-15 MeV energies using phy-X/PSD software. Results: The low energy photon (<100 keV) interaction with a higher concentration of Bi dopped tissue gives the higher values of Zeff. The Zeff increased with the doping concentration of bismuth for all types of radiation. The Zeff was dependent on the type of radiation, the energy of radiation, and the concentration of Bi doping. The particle beams such as electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interaction gives the less values of Zeff has compared to photon beam interaction. On the other hand, the photon buildup factor values were decreased while increasing the Bi doping concentration. Conclusions: According to Zeff and PBF, the low energy photon and higher concentration of radiosensitizer are the most effective for nanoparticle enhanced radiotherapy application. Based on the calculated values of Zeff, the particle beams such as electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ions were less effective for NERT application. The presented values of Zeff and PBF are useful for the radiation dosimetry in NERT.

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Investigation of some radiation shielding parameters in soft tissue

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Development of New Lead-Free Composite Materials as Potential Radiation Shields

Development of New Lead-Free Composite Materials as Potential Radiation Shields

Studies on effective atomic numbers and electron densities of nucleobases in DNA

Effective atomic number and photon buildup factor of bismuth doped tissue for photon and particles beam interaction

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