Investigation of solid oxide fuel cell operation with synthetic biomass gasification product gases as a basis for enhancing its performance

Pongratz, Gernot; Subotić, Vanja; Schroettner, Hartmuth; Stoeckl, Bernhard; Hochenauer, Christoph; Anca-Couce, Andrés; Scharler, Robert

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00726-w

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The CO yield does not peak at a certain temperature within the observed temperature range but the increase of the CO yield slows down significantly between 600 • C and 750 • C depending on the gas inlet composition of the reformer. High H 2 and CO yields seem to be preferable to operate SOFCs but due to catalytic effect of the SOFCs anode and the limitation that only CH 4 , H 2 O and O 2 or air is used as initial input, no conclusions, regarding the power output or degradation of the cell, can be drawn from H 2 and CO yields only [9]. All species of the studied gas composition must be considered to find the optimal operating conditions in terms of power output and degradation.…”

Section: Reformer Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the second test, the cell is fuelled directly with methane for the purpose of internal reforming (Comp. [7][8][9][10]. Two cells are used to examine their long-term stability and impact of different methane reforming types on the cell degradation.…”

Section: Cell Performance and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, high temperature SOFCs are able to use a wide variety of fuels such as biogas, H 2 , NH 3 and biodiesel [5][6][7][8]. The efficiency of SOFCs seems not to be influenced by the kind of fuel used, if the spare fuel is neglected but by specific operating parameters such as the fuel use [9] or the SOFC operating temperature. Taking this into consideration, the system design has a great influence on the overall efficiency [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Approach to Design, Test, and Optimize Stand-Alone SOFC-Reformer Systems

et al. 2021

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Reliable electrical and thermal energy supplies are basic requirements for modern societies and their food supply. Stand-alone stationary power generators based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) represent an attractive solution to the problems of providing the energy required in both rural communities and in rurally-based industries such as those of the agricultural industry. The great advantages of SOFC-based systems are high efficiency and high fuel flexibility. A wide range of commercially available fuels can be used with no or low-effort pre-treatment. In this study, a design process for stand-alone system consisting of a reformer unit and an SOFC-based power generator is presented and tested. An adequate agreement between the measured and simulated values for the gas compositions after a reformer unit is observed with a maximum error of 3 vol% (volume percent). Theoretical degradation free operation conditions determined by employing equilibrium calculations are identified to be steam to carbon ratio (H2O/C) higher 0.6 for auto-thermal reformation and H2O/C higher 1 for internal reforming. The produced gas mixtures are used to fuel large planar electrolyte supported cells (ESC). Current densities up to 500 mA/cm2 at 0.75 V are reached under internal reforming conditions without degradation of the cells anode during the more than 500 h long-term test run. More detailed electrochemical analysis of SOFCs fed with different fuel mixtures showed that major losses are caused by gas diffusion processes.

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Section: Reformer Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Performance and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Approach to Design, Test, and Optimize Stand-Alone SOFC-Reformer Systems

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, up to 230 kW of electric energy can be generated from 3500 kg of steam. More importantly, further improvements are possible with steam gasification, 21 syngas cleaning and use of piston engines or more advanced solid oxide fuel cells, 22 but they require comprehensive syngas cleaning and conditioning systems 23 which are currently not available for sulfur and chloride contaminated biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification of leather waste for energy production: Laboratory scale and industrial tests

Dudyński¹,

Dudyński²,

Kluska

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The following paper presents in detail the results of two separate test runs of the leather waste gasification process. The first one was conducted in a laboratory and the second in an industrial installation with 2.5 MW of thermal power. The aforementioned gasification plant transforms 1000 kg/h of various leather waste with ER = 0.38‐0.4 producing hot producer gas with a calorific value of 4.1‐6.5 MJ/m3 used for steam production. This local energy center uses waste from a leather processing factory to secure the energy needs of the host plant and produces ashes with up to 55% of Cr2O3 suitable for Cr recovery and reuse in the tanning process. The gasification of refuse‐derived fuel derived from the used leather goods illustrating the effectiveness of separate collection and thermal transformation of Cr containing waste was tested as a path to closing the chrome economy cycle in the leather industry. Moreover, the effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 for the purification of flue gas resulting from syngas burning and removal of SO2 and HCl was taken into account. Ashes analysis from gasification and flue gas cleaning showed very low Cr(VI) content. The study, according to the laboratory and industrial‐scale tests, proves that gasification leads to effective energy conversion of leather waste and can be advantageous in comparison to incineration, mainly due to producing safer ashes that are easier for handling and processing, with the simultaneous production of valuable syngas.

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“…Compared with other fuel cells fed with gaseous fuel (such as H 2 , natural gas, CH 4 ), the exclusive characteristic of DC-SOFC is the solid fuel, which has a higher volumetric energy density. The solid fuel is convenient and safe to transport and can be obtained widely from coal [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and biomass [3,16] (such as almond shells [17], wheat straw [18], corn cob char [19], pepper straw [20], and pomelo peel [21]). The concentration of solid fuel will not decrease due to the co-existence with gaseous products during the operation of the fuel cell, and thus the theoretical potential will not reduce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Fluidized Bed Gasifier Coupled with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed with Solid Carbon

et al. 2021

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A model of a fluidized bed coupled with direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed to explore the effect of coupling between fluidized bed and solid oxide fuel cell. Three gas–solid flow regimes are involved including fixed bed, delayed bubbling bed and bubbling bed. The anode reaction of SOFC is treated as the coupling processes of Boudouard gasification of carbon and electrochemical oxidation of CO. The effects of inlet velocity of the fluidizing agent CO2, carbon activity, channel width and coupling extent on the system performance are investigated. The results show that the inlet velocity of CO2 can promote the gasification rate in the anode, but too high velocities may lower CO molar fraction. The gasification rate generally increases with the increase of the channel width and carbon activity. The overlapping area between the anode surface and the initial carbon bed, gas–solid regime and carbon activity have a significant influence on the gasification rate and the maximum current density the system can support. Overall, the mass transport in the anode is dramatically enhanced by the expansion of the carbon bed, back-mixing, solid mixing and gas mixing, especially for the delayed bubbling bed and bubbling bed. This indicates that the adopted coupling method is feasible to improve the anode performance of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell.

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Investigation of solid oxide fuel cell operation with synthetic biomass gasification product gases as a basis for enhancing its performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Holistic Approach to Design, Test, and Optimize Stand-Alone SOFC-Reformer Systems

Holistic Approach to Design, Test, and Optimize Stand-Alone SOFC-Reformer Systems

Gasification of leather waste for energy production: Laboratory scale and industrial tests

Numerical Simulation of Fluidized Bed Gasifier Coupled with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed with Solid Carbon

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