Investigation of simultaneous removal of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from producer gas in biomass gasification by titanomagnetite

Hongrapipat, Janjira; Yip, Alex C.K.; Marshall, A.; Saw, Woei L.; Pang, Shusheng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.037

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The high activity of the ilmenite and the calcined olivine sands for NH 3 reduction is believed to be due to the much higher Fe, Ca, and Mg contents in these bed materials than those in the silica sand (see Table 3). These metals have shown high catalytic activity for NH 3 decomposition reaction at high temperatures to produce N 2 and H 2 [9,24]. Similarly, the ilmenite and the calcined olivine sands can remove H 2 S in the gasifier due to the high Fe, Ca and Mn contents which react with H 2 S to form metal sulphides [10,11,13,31,40].…”

Section: Influence Of Various Bed Materials On the Nh 3 And H 2 S Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main operation conditions which were investigated include average gasification temperature, steam to fuel ratio, and mean gas residence time whereas the bed materials include silica, iron-based or ilmenite and calcined olivine sands. Silica sand, which is typically considered as inert material, was found to have a low catalytic activity for NH 3 decomposition [24]. The iron-based sands and calcined olivine were found to have high catalytic activity for NH 3 decomposition reaction and high adsorption capacity for H 2 S desulphurization in either the in situ gasifier or the downstream gas cleaning process [9,13,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silica sand, which is typically considered as inert material, was found to have a low catalytic activity for NH 3 decomposition [24]. The iron-based sands and calcined olivine were found to have high catalytic activity for NH 3 decomposition reaction and high adsorption capacity for H 2 S desulphurization in either the in situ gasifier or the downstream gas cleaning process [9,13,24,25]. Based on previous studies and theoretical analysis, it was expected that NH 3 and H 2 S could be reduced to a minimal level by the optimisation of operation conditions and the application of appropriate bed materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Hongrapipat

Pang

Saw

2015

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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In the present study, in situ removal of ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) in the producer gas has been investigated for steam gasification of woody biomass in a 100 kW dual fluidised bed (DFB) gasifier. The removal measures consist of optimisation of operation conditions and application of catalytic bed materials. The operation conditions investigated were gasification temperature in a range of 750 to 850°C, steam to fuel ratio from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/kg dry , and mean gas residence time from 0.19 to 0.25 s. The catalytic bed materials tested included silica, ilmenite and calcined olivine sands which were applied in the DFB steam gasifier. The concentrations of NH 3 and H 2 S in the producer gas were measured and the conversions of fuel nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) to form NH 3 and H 2 S were calculated based on the experimental results. The results showed that NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations and conversions increased with the gasification temperature and the steam to fuel ratio. However, with increase in the mean gas residence time, the NH 3 concentration and conversion increased whereas the H 2 S concentration and conversion slightly decreased. In addition, ilmenite sand and calcined olivine sand as the bed materials showed stronger influence on reduction of NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations as well as fuel-N and fuel-S conversions in comparison with silica sand.

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Section: Influence Of Various Bed Materials On the Nh 3 And H 2 S Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Hongrapipat

Pang

Saw

2015

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…The poisoning may be especially problematic in the case of sewage sludge gasification, due to its high content of S and N [12,13]. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the produced gas are a well-known catalyst poison [25][26][27]. Plasma methods, although the most expensive in terms of investment and operational cost, do not suffer from the drawback that can be attributed to other conversion methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Wnukowski

Kordylewski

Łuszkiewicz

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Atmospheric microwave plasma was applied to the processing of the partially cleaned producer gas obtained from sewage sludge gasification. The plasma processing resulted in residual tar compounds conversion and changes in the gas composition. During the tests with a different gas flow rates and microwave power inputs, liquid and gaseous samples were collected to evaluate the plasma reactor's performance. The conversion efficiency ranged from 19 to 100% and it depended on the specific energy input (SEI), gas flow rate, initial tar concentration, and the nature of the tars compounds. Generally, it was shown that the conversion rate increased with the SEI and that the aliphatic, cyclic and substituted compounds were converted much easier than benzene. Moreover, applying plasma led to the production of heavier aromatics (i.e. naphthalene, indene, acenaphthylene) but the rise in their concentration was significantly smaller than the amount of converted compounds. The gas composition changes revealed in the increase of H 2 and CO concentration that was an effect of hydrocarbons and CO 2 conversion. Additionally, it was indicated that the microwave plasma reactor's performance was noticeably worse than in the case of the laboratory test with a simulated producer gas. This was mainly attributed to differences in the reactors' geometry, lower hydrogen concentration and the presence of inorganic deposit on the reactor's walls that might have inhibited microwaves transfer. In general, the microwave plasma technology seems promising in the context of cleaning and upgrading the producer gas, however, further optimization research is necessary to make it more reliable and less energy consuming. Graphic AbstractBiomass-derived producer gas treatment in the context of tar conversion is a current and important research issue. Many plasma techniques have been investigated to solve the problem of tar's presence. However, most of them considered simplified model mixtures of gas and a model tar compound. There is a negligible amount of research that applies a real producer gas obtained in the gasification process. Moreover, none of them includes microwave plasma, which has a few promising features considering producer gas valorization. Therefore, the main goal and novelty of this work were to investigate the microwave plasma treatment of the gas derived from sewage sludge gasification and to compare it with the results obtain in laboratory research using model mixtures.

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“…Some adsorbents having high efficiencies for removal of unpleasant odors, such as activated carbon, zeolite or other metal oxides, have been widely investigated. [10][11][12][13][14] For example, zeolite, which is crystalline aluminosilicates minerals characterized by cage-like structure with high internal and surface areas, is well known to adsorb NH 3 . 15,16 It is also useful as an efficient adsorbent to capture heavy metal cations from aqueous solution like HAp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chemical Modification of Hydroxyapatite/Zeolite Composite on Malodors Adsorption Behavior

Nishida

Kanno

Kimata

et al. 2019

Phosphorus Research Bulletin

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/zeolite composite (HZc) was prepared by a simple immersion method, and it was then modified with Cu 2+ and 3-aminoplopyltriethoxysilane (APES) to produce a novel adsorbent for unpleasant odors such as NH 3 , H 2 S and CH 3 CHO gases. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA and ninhydrin reaction test. Nano-sized order HAp was observed distributed on zeolite for HZc, and modification of HZc with Cu 2+ and APES maintained the original framework structure of HZc. Introduced amount of Cu 2+ and APES after the modification was 3.6 mol% and 12.6 mg·g -1 , respectively. The adsorption ability evaluated via a gas bag-detection tube method showed that Cu 2+ -modified HZc increased NH 3 and H 2 S adsorption ability, and APES-modified HZc enhanced CH 3 CHO adsorption ability in comparison to unmodified one, respectively. Sequential modification of HZc with Cu 2+ and APES also maintained H 2 S and NH 3 adsorption ability, but decreased CH 3 CHO adsorption ability. This suggests that adsorption sites for CH 3 CHO were impeded in case of formation of Cu-N coordinate bond derived from direct interaction between Cu 2+ and amino groups of APES. Therefore, use of HZc individually modified with Cu 2+ and APES is recommended to capture multiple unpleasant odors.

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Investigation of simultaneous removal of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from producer gas in biomass gasification by titanomagnetite

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Effect of Chemical Modification of Hydroxyapatite/Zeolite Composite on Malodors Adsorption Behavior

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