Investigation of redox initiators for free radical frontal polymerization

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In this work, we report a versatile infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization technique for the fabrication of a series of poly(DMC-co-HPA) hydrogels (DMC 5 methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, HPA 5 hydroxypropyl acrylate). Because the method is based on the exothermic reaction, no further energy is required in the reaction once it is initiated. Moreover, we have found the polymerization process is a pure frontal polymerization model without involving any other reaction process. The dependence of frontal velocity and temperature on the reaction time is thoroughly discussed. The asprepared hydrogels are pH-responsive and their maximum equilibrium swelling ratio could reach $3,890%. Also, the asprepared poly(DMC-co-HPA) hydrogels capable of adsorption/ desorption switching performance can be utilized for heavy metal ion removal in wastewater treatments. Interestingly, the hydrogels can float on the water surface after intaking heavy metal ions by the combination of kerosene and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) in hydrogel components, greatly enhancing treatment efficiency. We believe the method described herein to rapidly construct functional hydrogels with the ability to remove heavy metal ions may find unique applications in emergency processing of water pollution.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile synthesis of poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels via infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization and their adsorption–desorption switching performance

Yang

Wang

et al. 2015

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“…Since the heat released from the FP reaction usually induces the boiling of certain solvents, solvents with high boiling point (e.g., DMSO, NMP, and glycerol) were employed for producing samples in FP to avoid the formation of bubbles . The monomer PMMA‐ b ‐PVI is oil‐soluble, so NMP (boiling point: ∼203 °C) was used as solvent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of versatile poly(PMMA‐b‐VI) macromonomer‐based hydrogels via infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization

Chen

Yang

et al. 2015

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In this work, poly((PMMA‐b‐VI)‐co‐AA) (MMA = methyl methacrylate; VI = 1‐vinylimidazole; AA = acrylic acid) hydrogels and poly((PMMA‐b‐VI)‐co‐AA)/TPU (TPU = thermoplastic polyurethane) IPN (interpenetrating polymer networks) hydrogels have been fabricated via versatile infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization by using poly(PMMA‐b‐VI) macromonomer as the mononer. The frontal velocity and Tmax (the highest temperature that the laser beam detected at a fixed point) can be adjusted by varying monomer weight ratios, the concentration of BPO (BPO = benzoyl peroxide) and the amount of TPU. Moreover, the addition of TPU enhances the reactant viscosity to suppress the “fingering” of frontal polymerization (FP) and decrease Tmax of the reaction, providing a new inert carrier (TPU) to assist FP. Through the characterization of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the desired structure can be proved to exist in the IPN hydrogels. Furthermore, poly((PMMA‐b‐VI)‐co‐AA)/TPU IPN hydrogels possesses more excellent mechanical behaviors than hydrogels without IPN structure. Besides, the poly((PMMA‐b‐VI)‐co‐AA) hydrogels present splendid sensitive properties toward substances of different flavor including sourness (CA, citric acid or GA, gluconic acid), umami (SG, sodium glutamate), saltiness (SC, sodium chloride), sweetness (GLU, glucose), enabling their potential as artificial tongue‐like sensing materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1210–1221

“…The ability to prepare uniform materials in a fast fashion, and perhaps more importantly, to vary the morphology in a controlled manner, is in fact what makes FP attractive for many applications . Considering FP has advantages over traditional batch polymerization (BP) method in terms of reduced energy costs, reduced waste production, and unique morphology . As well, it have been reported that polyester–styrene resins prepared by FP achieved higher conversion than those fabricated by the usual BP .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of pH‐sensitive Poly(IA‐co‐AAc‐co‐AAm) Hydrogels via Frontal Polymerization

Irfan

et al. 2019

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In this work, we report a series of poly(itaconic acid‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (poly(IA‐co‐AAc‐co‐AAm)) hydrogels via frontal polymerization (FP). FP starts on the top of the reaction mixture with aid of heating provided from soldering iron gun. Once polymerization initiated, no further energy is required to complete the process. The influences of IA/AAc weight ratios on frontal velocities, temperatures, and conversions on the reaction time are thoroughly investigated and discussed where the amount of AAm monomer remains constant. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, and the swelling measurement are applied to characterize the as‐synthesized poly(IA‐co‐AAc‐co‐AAm) hydrogels. Interestingly, the swelling ratios of the hydrogels are changed with different IA/AAc contents, and the maximum swelling ratios are ~4439% in water. SEM images describe highly porous morphologies and explain good swelling capabilities. Moreover, the poly(IA‐co‐AAc‐co‐AAm) hydrogels exhibit superior pH‐responsive ability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2214–2221