Investigation of Pressure-Controlled Injection Molding on the Mechanical Properties and Embodied Energy of Recycled Hdpe

Krantz, Joshua; Nieduzak, Zarek; Kazmer, Elizabeth; Licata, Juliana; Ferki, Olivia; Gao, Peng; Sobkowicz, Margaret J.; Masato, Davide

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4380229

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Studies have shown [15][16][17] that the thickness of the skin layer is around 0.2-0.3 mm, independently of wall thickness, or in this case, part thickness. It means that more than 60% of the cross-section of the 1 mm thick part is highly oriented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The morphology of the core layer mainly depends on the cooling rate, which means that the process parameters do not affect the properties of the final part considerably if the core layer is significantly thicker than the skin layer. Injection rate, shear rate, viscosity, and melt and mold temperature have an important effect on the morphology of the polymer in the skin and shear layers [17][18][19][20][21]. Under a thickness of 1 mm, the skin and shear regions are dominant, so they determine the mechanical properties of the parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Processing Parameters and Wall Thickness on the Strength of Injection Molded Products

Horváth,

Kovács

2024

Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng.

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Polymer materials are getting more and more attention in key industries like the automotive, aerospace, and electrical industries. A long lifetime with sustainable recycling is expected; great results are possible thanks to modern material engineering. Finding a suitable material for the purpose and the appropriate methods to test the required functionality is essential. An important mechanical loading tests is the tensile test. Although the ISO 527-1:2019 standard uses different tensile specimen geometries, none of those consider the possible thickness variations of the injection molded parts. If thickness is reduced to 1 mm, the solid layer will be dominant, which makes the properties of the tensile specimen process-dependent instead of material-dependent. In today's industry, it is crucial to examine both the material and the details of the processing technology together, given the downsizing effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Processing Parameters and Wall Thickness on the Strength of Injection Molded Products

Horváth,

Kovács

2024

Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng.

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“…Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 32 and nylon 66 (PA66) 33 are the most common engineering plastics, which have high strength but still low toughness. The elongation at break of polyethylene (PE), 34 polypropylene (PP), 35 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 36 is higher than that of previous materials, but the tensile strength is much lower in comparison. For furan polyesters, from PBF [37][38][39] to polyhexylene furandicarboxylate (PHF) 40 furandicarboxylate (PDeF), 24 with the binary As the carbon chain of the alcohol segment becomes longer, the strength gradually decreases, and the elongation at break also tends to decrease due to the enhanced crystallization ability.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Preparation and performance exploration of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid‐based copolyester bioplastics: Controlling thermal properties, tensile properties, and surface hydrophilicity through composition

Xu,

Zou,

Jin

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the comprehensive properties of polybutylene furandicarboxylate (PBF), 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (2,5‐FDCA), and aliphatic chain diol 1,8‐octanediol and 1,4‐butanediol were used as monomers to synthesize a series of bio‐based polybutylene glycol‐octanediol 2,5‐furandicarboxylate (PBOF). The results showed that the chemical composition of PBOF could be controlled through the molar ratio of monomers. Compared with PBF, as the proportion of octanediol segments gradually increased, PBOF could gradually transform from semi‐crystalline thermoplastic to amorphous form, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) gradually decreased. The crystallization ability reduced but a part of the crystal area was still retained. The copolyesters still has a decomposition temperature above 370°C, indicating excellent thermal stability. The introduction of the octanediol segment significantly improved the tensile mechanical properties and flexibility of the POBF copolyester. These meet the requirements for the preparation of bio‐based engineering plastics. The water absorption rate of PBOF showed that it may have certain degradable potential. PBOF copolyesters have potential application prospects in bio‐based medical plastics and biodegradable packaging polymer materials after copolymerization modification.

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“…Krantz et al showed that pressure-controlled injection molding could be used to optimize the mechanical properties of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) through increased macromolecular orientation. 15 Additional challenges with mechanically recycled plastics stem from unknown additives in the waste stream, further complicating the secondary feedstock's material properties. Similarly, different additives, such as carbon black, must be introduced during recycling to tailor the mechanical properties and thermal stability.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different strategies have been proposed in the literature to optimize processing and mechanical properties. Krantz et al showed that pressure‐controlled injection molding could be used to optimize the mechanical properties of recycled High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) through increased macromolecular orientation 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and crystallization properties of hot runner injection molded virgin and recycled polypropylene

Bowen,

Guyer,

Rippon

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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As the demand for sustainable and environmentally conscious practices continues to grow, recycled plastics have become increasingly popular for plastics manufacturers. However, reprocessing these materials can result in inconsistencies in both process and product quality, leading to a loss in mechanical properties. To address this issue, this work investigates the injection molding of recycled and virgin polypropylene (PP). Using a multi‐cavity hot runner mold, correlations between processing parameters, such as melt temperature, mold temperature, pack pressure, soak time, and mechanical properties, were systematically investigated. A multivariate analysis approach was used to model the variables for each material. Results indicated significant correlations between processing, mechanical properties, and morphology. In particular, for the PP, the melt temperature affected the formation of β‐crystals and their transition to α‐crystals upon tensile testing. Different morphology was observed for the recycled polypropylene (rPP), in which crystallization was affected by polyethylene (PE) contamination. The results discuss the injection molding polymer, structure, and properties, relationship providing an approach to understanding and optimizing the mechanical properties of rPP.Highlights Polyethylene contamination in polypropylene significantly influences crystallinity. Recycling contamination reduces the polypropylene's ability to form β crystals. Virgin polypropylene mechanical properties can be tailored through processing conditions. Recycled polypropylene mechanical properties suffer at higher temperatures and residence times. Polypropylene α/β morphologies can be visualized after mechanical testing.

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Investigation of Pressure-Controlled Injection Molding on the Mechanical Properties and Embodied Energy of Recycled Hdpe

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Processing Parameters and Wall Thickness on the Strength of Injection Molded Products

Effect of Processing Parameters and Wall Thickness on the Strength of Injection Molded Products

Preparation and performance exploration of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid‐based copolyester bioplastics: Controlling thermal properties, tensile properties, and surface hydrophilicity through composition

Mechanical and crystallization properties of hot runner injection molded virgin and recycled polypropylene

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