Investigation of Olea ferruginea Roylebark extracts for potential in vitro antidiabetic and anticancer effects

Abstract

Introduction Medicinal plants have been utilized to treat various ailments all over the world, although specific to every region [1]. Regarded as a natural treasurer, these sources are plentiful and can be utilized in galenical products in a safe, standardized, and effective manner with subsequent use in primary health care facilities [2]. History has revealed that humans have been benefiting from these herbal consecrations for almost 60,000 years and they can be consumed either directly or in the form of the active constituent isolated from them [3]. As of today, an estimated 50,000 medicinal plant species have afforded health benefits to approximately 80% of the world's population [4]. Pakistan, with climatic variations and rich soil, offers the finest conditions for the growth of flora across the country. It is estimated that about 12% of the flora in Pakistan is used for medicinal purposes, while some of them are exported [5]. Almost 6000 plant species have been discovered in Pakistan, of which 1000 are used for medicinal purpose [6]. It has also been estimated that 70% of the total species are uniregional and about 30% are bi-or pluriregional. The country has four phytogeographical regions, comprising Irano-Turanian (45% of the species), Sino-Himalayan (10%), Saharo-Sindian (9.5%), and the Indian element (6%) [7]. Olea ferruginea R, locally known as Indian olive or Kahoo [8], a well-known medicinally important plant, is widely distributed in different areas of Pakistan, such as Swat valley, Salt Range, Soon valley, the western hills of Balochistan, lower hills of Azad Kashmir, Waziristan, Dir, Chitral, and Murree Hills [9]. The genus Olea includes around 30 to 40 species that are distributed in Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin [10]. Numerous reports have suggested that different parts of Olea ferruginea R have many traditional uses, such as the leaves, which are used to treat bleeding gums, gonorrhea, whooping cough, skin problems, skeleton-muscular problems, and tooth ache, while its bark is used to treat fever [11,12] and the dried fruit has an antidiabetic effect [13]. Additionally, the olive oil extracted from its fruit and seeds reduces swelling and pain related to rheumatoid arthritis [14]. The leaves of Olea ferruginea R possess glucose lowering and

Novel plant uses and their conservation status in a semiarid subtropical region of Pakistan

“…For instance, the therapeutic properties of olive leaves and fruits have been previously documented, including hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects (Hejrati et al 2020). Similarly, dried olive fruits have been reported to possess anti-diabetic properties (Liaqat et al 2021). In addition to being used medicinally, S. mascatense is used as fuel, wood, and fodder source in mountainous areas.…”

In vitro anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and in silico studies of Ferruginan A isolated from Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae)

“…In this milieu, scientific investigations need time to enhance the production, oil recovery rate, and health-promoting benefits associated with wild olives ( Knoops et al, 2004 ). Even though various studies have been conducted to enhance its oil production and recovery rate but its isolated phytochemical constituents and associated health benefits have been less explored ( Gorzynik-Debicka et al, 2018 , Liaqat et al, 2021 ). Recent work by our research group has reported that ferruginan and cycloolivil isolated from Olea Ferruginea R possess anti-leishmanial and anti-bacterial properties ( Joshi, 2012 , Zafar et al, 2018 ).…”