Investigation of neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of some plant growth regulators at subacute and subchronic applications on rats

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of subacute and subchronic treatment of some plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3), on neurological and immunological biomarkers in various tissues of rats. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) were selected as biomarkers for neurotoxic biomarkers. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured as indicators for immunotoxic investigation purpose. Wistar albino rats were orally administered with 25 and 50 ppm of PGRs ad libitum for 25-50 days continuously with drinking water. The treatment of PGRs caused different effects on the activities of enzymes. Results showed that the administrations of ABA and GA3 increased AChE and BChE activities in some tissues of rats treated with both the dosages and periods of ABA and GA3. With regard to the immunotoxic effects, ADA activity fluctuated, while MPO activity increased after subacute and subchronic exposure of treated rat tissues to both dosages when compared with the controls. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administrations of PGRs at subacute and subchronic exposure increased AChE, BChE, and MPO activities, while fluctuating the ADA activity in various tissues of rats. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for toxicity of PGRs.

Abscisic Acid as Pathogen Effector and Immune Regulator

“…Administration of very high doses of ABA is well tolerated in mice without adverse effects (Li et al, 2011), which makes ABA treatments pharmacologically interesting. There are however reports that long-term ABA exposure might have adverse effects (Isik and Celik, 2015), which calls for caution. ABA treatment in humans and animal models has been suggested to be beneficial for type 2 diabetes (Guri et al, 2007; Bruzzone et al, 2015; Magnone et al, 2015), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Guri et al, 2011; Viladomiu et al, 2013), atherosclerosis (Guri et al, 2010), systemic sclerosis (Bruzzone et al, 2012c), glioma (Zhou et al, 2016), depression (Qi et al, 2015b, 2016), and resistance against hepatitis C (Rakic et al, 2006), influenza (Hontecillas et al, 2013), malaria (Glennon et al, 2016), and mycobacteria (Clark et al, 2013).…”

Recent advances in application and progress of advanced materials as adsorbents in sample preparation for plant growth regulators

“…The large-scale use of PGRs began in the 1930s, and since then, the research and application of PGRs have become an indispensable part of modern agricultural production in the world [22]. However, if the application times are not correct, or if the wrong concentration is used, especially indiscriminate and excessive use of PGRs, the residue of PGRs can occur in plants, soils, and underground water, leading to adverse effects on agricultural products and public health [23,24]. Even at trace levels, PGR residues can still threaten human health such as early maturity, carcinogenicity, reproductive impairment, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity [25,26].…”

Utilizing method of plant growth regulators induction in processing of polyploidization—A perspective crop development

“…Although studies showed that residues of phytohormones when using in production or in the field can affect environmental pollution, the development of animal, human health problems, and food poisoning if using them was not corrected the producer's instruction [13,14] . Thus, the high residue of phytohormones in food can lead to toxicity to organs such as liver, kidney, neurosystem, fluctuate antioxidant defense system or even induce cancers [15][16][17] . Therefore, maximum residues limits of phytohormones have been controlled by international and national laws not only to monitor and regulate phytohormone residues in food but also to ensure the food safety.…”