Abscisic Acid as Pathogen Effector and Immune Regulator

Lievens, Laurens; Pollier, Jacob; Goossens, Alain; Beyaert, Rudi; Staal, Jens

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00587

Cited by 158 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…In land plants, ABA is associated with a range of developmental and physiological traits that are central to embryophyte life cycles, and with adaptive responses to the stresses and stimuli inherent in desiccating terrestrial habitats (Lievens et al, 2017; Eklund et al 2018; Kollist et al, 2019; Kuromori et al, 2018). ABA can be synthesized in a diverse array of organisms via different biosynthetic routes (Siewers et al, 2006; Bowman et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of the Charophyte AlgaPenium margaritaceumBears Footprints of the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plants

Jiao

Sørensen

Sun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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30The colonization of land by plants was a pivotal event in the history of the biosphere, and yet the 31 underlying evolutionary features and innovations of the first land plant ancestors are not well 32 understood. Here we present the genome sequence of the unicellular alga Penium margaritaceum, 33 a member of the Zygnematophyceae, the sister lineage to land plants. The P. margaritaceum 34 genome has a high proportion of repeat sequences, which are associated with massive segmental 35 gene duplications, likely facilitating neofunctionalization. Compared with earlier diverging plant 36 lineages, P. margaritaceum has uniquely expanded repertoires of gene families, signaling 37 networks and adaptive responses, supporting its phylogenetic placement and highlighting the 38 evolutionary trajectory towards terrestrialization. These encompass a broad range of physiological 39 processes and cellular structures, such as large families of extracellular polymer biosynthetic and 40 modifying enzymes involved in cell wall assembly and remodeling. Transcriptome profiling of 41 cells exposed to conditions that are common in terrestrial habitats, namely high light and 42 desiccation, further elucidated key adaptations to the semi-aquatic ecosystems that are home to the 43 Zygnematophyceae. Such habitats, in which a simpler body plan would be advantageous, likely 44 provided the evolutionary crucible in which selective pressures shaped the transition to land. 45 Earlier diverging charophyte lineages that are characterized by more complex land plant-like 46 anatomies have either remained exclusively aquatic, or developed alternative life styles that allow 47 109 of 116.1 kb. The nuclear assembly captured most of the k-mers in the Illumina reads and low 110 frequency k-mers representing sequencing errors were absent ( Supplementary Fig. 1B). In addition, 111 the mapping rates of genomic and RNA-Seq reads against the nuclear assembly were 97.5% and 112 5 96.8%, respectively (Supplementary Table 2). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 113 frequency distribution on the 100 longest scaffolds was consistent with a haploid genome 114 ( Supplementary Fig. 1C). The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes were also fully assembled, 115 and comprised 95,332 and 145,411 nucleotides, respectively ( Supplementary Fig. 2). 116The assembly contains a large proportion (80.6%) of repeat sequences (Supplementary 117 Table 3), particularly long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and simple repeats ( Fig. 2A). 118Unlike land plants and C. braunii, in which gypsy is the predominant LTR family, the P. 119 margaritaceum genome has a large proportion of copia retrotransposons, which are rare in other 120 green algae and absent from C. braunii (Nishiyama et al. 2018). An estimation of divergence time 121 indicated that the copia expansion in the P. margaritaceum genome was relatively recent, around 122 2.1 Mya (Fig. 2B). Retrotransposons carrying tyrosine recombinases, such as the DIRS and Ngaro 123 families, which are found in some chlorophyte...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of the Charophyte AlgaPenium margaritaceumBears Footprints of the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plants

Jiao

Sørensen

Sun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The plant response to pathogens is regulated by a complex network of phytohormone signalling, and pathogens attempt to interfere with these pathways (Denancé et al, ). ABA is related to abiotic stresses, but its role in biotic stresses, such as pathogen attack, is becoming more understood (Lievens et al, ). For example, it has been shown that ABA plays a direct role in the regulation of resistance protein activity (Denancé et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meloidogyne graminicola effector Mg16820 is secreted in the apoplast and cytoplasm to suppress plant host defense responses

Naalden

Haegeman

Almeida-Engler

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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On invasion of roots, plant-parasitic nematodes secrete effectors to manipulate the cellular regulation of the host to promote parasitism. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most damaging nematodes of rice. Here, we identified a novel effector of this nematode, named Mg16820, expressed in the nematode subventral glands. We localized the Mg16820 effector in the apoplast during the migration phase of the second-stage juvenile in rice roots. In addition, during early development of the feeding site, Mg16820 was localized in giant cells, where it accumulated in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we demonstrated that Mg16820 directed to the apoplast was able to suppress flg22-induced reactive oxygen species production. In addition, expression of Mg16820 in the cytoplasm resulted in the suppression of the R2/Avr2- and Mi-1.2-induced hypersensitive response. A potential target protein of Mg16820 identified with the yeast two-hybrid system was the dehydration stress-inducible protein 1 (DIP1). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation resulted in a strong signal in the nucleus. DIP1 has been described as an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene and ABA is involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response. Our results demonstrate that Mg16820 is able to act in two cellular compartments as an immune suppressor and targets a protein involved in the stress response, therefore indicating an important role for this effector in parasitism.

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“…It has been shown that the SA signalling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of NHR against X. citri in Arabidopsis (An and Mou, ). Likewise, ABA has emerged as a multifaceted modulator of the different layers of plant defences, and its role depends on the timing of recognition and the invasive strategy of the challenging pathogen (Asselbergh et al ., ; Lievens et al ., ; Petrocelli et al ., ; Ton et al ., ). These data prompted us to investigate, through the analysis of the expression of some key genes, whether SA and ABA signalling are also crucial in C. limon NHR against Xcc .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Interestingly, several ABA‐related genes, including NCED3 , were found to be down‐regulated in C. sinensis NHR to Xcv , and this was also associated with a strong decrease in ABA levels at early times post‐inoculation (Petrocelli et al ., ). In Arabidopsis and rice, several reports have shown that ABA accumulation induced by bacterial pathogens promotes susceptibility via the suppression of the accumulation of phenolic compounds through phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) inhibition, callose deposition and also SA‐mediated defences, contributing to symptom development (Gupta et al ., ; Lievens et al ., ; de Torres Zabala et al ., ; Xu et al ., ). However, ABA can also positively influence disease resistance by regulating stomatal closure (Lim et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant responses underlying nonhost resistance of Citrus limon against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Chiesa

Roeschlin

Favaro

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by citrus canker, a disease caused by Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (X. citri); thus, new sustainable strategies to manage this disease are needed. Although all Citrus spp. are susceptible to this pathogen, they are resistant to other Xanthomonas species, exhibiting non‐host resistance (NHR), for example, to the brassica pathogen X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and a gene‐for‐gene host defence response (HDR) to the canker‐causing X. fuscans ssp. aurantifolii (Xfa) strain C. Here, we examine the plant factors associated with the NHR of C. limon to Xcc. We show that Xcc induced asymptomatic type I NHR, allowing the bacterium to survive in a stationary phase in the non‐host tissue. In C. limon, this NHR shared some similarities with HDR; both defence responses interfered with biofilm formation, and were associated with callose deposition, induction of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway and the repression of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. However, greater stomatal closure was seen during NHR than during HDR, together with different patterns of accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phenolic compounds and the expression of secondary metabolites. Overall, these differences, independent of Xcc type III effector proteins, could contribute to the higher protection elicited against canker development. We propose that Xcc may have the potential to steadily activate inducible defence responses. An understanding of these plant responses (and their triggers) may allow the development of a sustained and sustainable resistance to citrus canker.

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Abscisic Acid as Pathogen Effector and Immune Regulator

Cited by 158 publications

References 181 publications

The Genome of the Charophyte AlgaPenium margaritaceumBears Footprints of the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plants

The Genome of the Charophyte AlgaPenium margaritaceumBears Footprints of the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plants

The Meloidogyne graminicola effector Mg16820 is secreted in the apoplast and cytoplasm to suppress plant host defense responses

Plant responses underlying nonhost resistance of Citrus limon against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

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