Investigation of Near Field Inductive Communication System Models, Channels and Experiments

Abstract

Abstract-Near-field inductive channels created between two or more magnetically coupled inductive nodes are studied in this paper. Peerto-peer configurations and array architectures are discussed. The array channels are used for cooperative relaying with inductive methods with potential to provide range extension and enhanced data rate access in magnetic induction communication systems. The received power shows the presence of the nearest neighbour interactions and the influences of higher order coupling from nodes two or more positions away from the receiver. This influence causes phase changes in the communication system. Four methods of exciting the antenna arrays are proposed. These are array edge excitation, center excitation, collinear array excitation and multi-array excitation. Experiments with hardware nodes show that while array edge excitation provides increased power at the array edge, it is out performed by array center excitation which results to twice the power captured at the array center node compared to the power captured at edge excited first element. We demonstrate by example that a receiver is influenced most by its neighbouring nodes on both sides and that the effects of second and third tier neighbours are relatively insignificant.

Distributed Cross-Layer Protocol Design for Magnetic Induction Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

“…iD is the expected number of traversed hops for an incoming packet to node i, which is obtained distributively as mentioned in Section III-D. Also, Φ ij (T, σ) relates to received SINR SIN R j (T, σ) from (5) and (6). Similarly, Φ e2e T thus provides the required r j min (i.e., the minimum received SINR for successful transmissions) to enable our power control functionality mentioned previously.…”

Design optimization of transmitting antennas for weakly coupled magnetic induction communication systems

“…The structure of the transceiver coils has a significant effect on system performance [ 15 ] [ 16 ]. Work [ 15 ] investigates the impact of the antenna topology on the communication link, and analyzes the effects of different parameters such as coil radius, quality factor, and permeability.…”

“…Work [ 15 ] investigates the impact of the antenna topology on the communication link, and analyzes the effects of different parameters such as coil radius, quality factor, and permeability. It is shown in [ 15 ] and [ 16 ] that the increase in quality factor does not increase the capacity, due to a non-linear decrease in bandwidth. In [ 17 ] an improvement of the transponder antenna matching is investigated, and numerical analysis is proposed to compute the magnetic parameters of multi-antenna systems.…”

“…One method to extend the range of MI communication employs relaying coils, commonly referred as magnetic waveguides [ 5 ], [ 10 – 14 ], [ 18 ], [ 19 ]. These relays are deployed along the communication channel and enable the extension of the range of magnetic transmission through soil or water.…”

Magnetic Induction Antenna Arrays for Mimo and Multiple-Frequency Communication Systems

“…The methods proposed to increase communication range may be divided into two categories: (a) waveguide-based techniques [1,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18], and (b) sensitivity increase of the receiver. The waveguide techniques significantly reduce the path loss, and hence increases the communication range compared to ordinary MI systems and EM wave systems [18].…”