Investigation of NaCl deliquescence in porous substrates using RH-XRD

Linnow, Kirsten; Juling, Herbert; Steiger, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0590-9

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Specifically, the impedance behavior of an IDE sensor loaded with inorganic salt microparticles down to the size range of coarse mode tropospheric aerosols is characterized and deliquescence (solid to liquid) and efflorescence (liquid to solid) phase transitions determined with respect to relative humidity (RH). The hygroscopic behavior of soluble salts bears importance in many fields including pharmaceuticals, , porous building materials, , corrosion, − and atmospheric sciences. − Regarding the latter, tropospheric aerosols and their constituent chemistries have received extensive attention due to their governance of the chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere and climate. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopic Particle Behavior Studied by Interdigitated Array Microelectrode Impedance Sensors

2013

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The hygroscopic behavior of soluble salts bears importance in many research fields including atmospheric sciences, corrosion, porous building materials, and pharmaceuticals. Several methods have been used to study deliquescence (solid to liquid) and efflorescence (liquid to solid) phase transitions of these salts. In this study, we measured the deliquescence and efflorescence RH values of single salt microparticles deposited on an interdigitated microelectrode sensor via electrical impedance. The salts examined were NaCl, LiCl, NaBr, KCl, and MgCl2. Measured values were in agreement with in situ optical microscopic observations and, with the exception of MgCl2, literature values. In the case of MgCl2, deliquescence occurred at 33% RH and 12-15% RH, with the latter range being previously unreported. The depressed deliquescence RH was hypothesized to be a result of the formation of a metastable MgCl2 hydrate. Incomplete efflorescence of MgCl2 was also observed after exposure to <1.5% RH for up to 22 h due to formation of solid shells which trapped fluid. The phenomena elucidated by these results provide an explanation for the anomalous water retention and uptake behavior of MgCl2 below 33% RH reported elsewhere in the literature. The results presented in this study validate the use of this method as an alternative or complementary method for study of bulk-phase transitions of substrate-deposited particles across a broad RH range. These findings also demonstrate the utility of this method for detection of fluid trapping which cannot be directly ascertained by gravimetric and line-of-sight techniques commonly used in the study of hygroscopic particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopic Particle Behavior Studied by Interdigitated Array Microelectrode Impedance Sensors

2013

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“…The crystal growth is usually induced by changes in ambient temperature or relative humidity. Unfavorable environmental conditions may cause repeated cycles of deliquescence-crystallization or hydration-dehydration, which lead to the rapid decay of building materials (Linnow et al 2007). Salt weathering is thus controlled by fluctuations in temperature and moisture, where repeated oscillations in these parameters can cause recrystallization, hydration/dehydration of salts, bringing about stone surface loss in the form of, for example, granular disaggregation, scaling, and multiple flaking (McCabe et al 2013).…”

Section: Phase Changes For Soluble Salts In Poresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-desalination of Buildings Suffering from Salt Weathering

Ottosen

Hansen

2016

Electrokinetics Across Disciplines and Continents

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“…Tab. In addition, from the comparison of the mineral composition analysis results of the soil samples (as Tab.2 is shown), it shows that the crispy soil sample on the surface of the Shenna ruins contains gypsum, which further shows that the soluble salt on the surface of the soil at the Shenna ruins is mainly CaSO 4 [18][19][20] . It and NaCl are the main salts that cause soil salinization and will destroy the structure of the soil.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Ruins And Soluble Salt Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, the Shenna ruins are in a special environment, and shallow surface water is still active in the ruins. Therefore, the soluble salt in the soil continuously migrates and accumulates to the surface soil layer of the ruins along with the movement of shallow water [19] . In fact, the harm of soluble salt to the ruins is obvious, especially in winter, the annual average temperature of the area is 2.6~5.3℃, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the annual minimum temperature is around minus 20 degrees, the freezing and thawing expansion is severe in winter, when the water content of the soil is high, the freezing and thawing expansion will inevitably occur, which will also cause the expansion of the soil and make the surface powdery [22] .…”

Section: Correlation Between Occurrence Environment and The Cause Of Deteriorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Occurrence Environment and the Cause of Deterioration at Ancient Earthen Ruins: A Case Study at Shenna Ruins, Qinghai, China

Wang

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The earthen ruins are precious historical imprints left over from ancient human life and production, and have important cultural values. Chinese ancient ruins are widely distributed, large in number, and numerous in types. Most of the unearthed ruins are large in scale, immovable, and closely related to the surrounding environment. This paper takes the Shenna ruins as the research object, realizes the investigation of the occurrence environment of the ruins through geotechnical survey technology, and explores the reasons for the deterioration of the soil at the ruins of Shenna through the research of the correlation between the occurrence environment and typical diseases. On the basis of traditional cultural relics survey, the geological, environmental characteristics and geotechnical engineering conditions of the ruins were identified, analyzed, and evaluated through survey methods. Combined with indoor experimental analysis, it was found that the main reason for the deterioration of Shenna ruins was the migration of water and salt in the soil caused by seasonal precipitation, and combined with the geotechnical investigation results, the possibility of groundwater damage in this area is eliminated, which provides a research basis for the preventive treatment of water environment in the future protection and restoration of the Shenna ruins, and provided very useful technical application reference and research idea for such earthen ruins protection in Northwest China.

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Investigation of NaCl deliquescence in porous substrates using RH-XRD

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Hygroscopic Particle Behavior Studied by Interdigitated Array Microelectrode Impedance Sensors

Hygroscopic Particle Behavior Studied by Interdigitated Array Microelectrode Impedance Sensors

Electro-desalination of Buildings Suffering from Salt Weathering

Correlation Between Occurrence Environment and the Cause of Deterioration at Ancient Earthen Ruins: A Case Study at Shenna Ruins, Qinghai, China

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