Investigation of mineral composition of oil shale

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to identify the mineral composition of oil shale from different locations and relate it to their interval of occurrence. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transforms spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were used for this invetigation. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxidant to eliminate the influence of organic matter in TGA. DRIFTS results indicated that most of the kerogen is in aliphatic hydrocarbon form and the peak of hydrocarbon nearly disappeared after oxidation. XRD results indicated that quartz, muscovite, kaolinite and calcite are the dominant minerals. Longkou and Changchun oil shale samples contain high percentage of calcite (12.9 and 11.7% CO 2 respectively) while Fushun and Huadian oil shale samples contain less than 6% CO 2 . Especially, in Fushun oil shale sample, the content is below 3%. Kaolinite is found in Fushun oil shale sample, while muscovite is only found in Huadian oil shale sample. Integration of the XRD, DRIFTS and TGA results of the oil shale samples from different locations has provided a better way of mineral composition identification. 

Identifying the reaction mechanism of oil-shale self-heating retorting by thermal analysis techniques

“…It can be seen that OS has a higher Q Ads (around 1.2-3.2 J g À1 K À1 ) than OS ash (around 0.5 J g À1 K À1 ), which can be attributed to the heat adsorbed by the pyrolysis of kerogen and the evaporation of absorption or interlayer water [39] in the OS besides the heat adsorbed by mineral matrix. By integrating Q Ads curves, the heat adsorbed in different temperature regions can be obtained (Note: the decomposition of OS is a very complicated process containing numerous parallel and in-series reactions, and the division of the temperature region is not according to the reaction characteristic of OS.…”

Development and evaluation of an electropositive wellbore stabilizer with flexible adaptability for drilling strongly hydratable shales

“…The diameter of some of them was less than 150 lm, and the others were no bigger than 58 lm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on 30 g of powdered shale sample (smaller than 58 lm) with an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku D/max-IIIA, Japan) (Wang et al 2009). A scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-4800) was used to observe the microstructure of the fresh appearance of several fragments (Klaver et al 2012).…”

Increased porosity turns desorption to adsorption for gas bubbles near water-SiO2interface

“…During the past years, a number of studies have been focused on the understanding of shale systems and their behaviors under hydraulic fracturing conditions [27][28][29][30][31][32]. In particular, the analysis of structural properties of the shales [27,31,32] and the shale-CO 2 /H 2 O interaction [30,33] was performed.…”

“…In particular, the analysis of structural properties of the shales [27,31,32] and the shale-CO 2 /H 2 O interaction [30,33] was performed. These studies showed that no two shales are alike, but many properties of the shales are often determined by inorganic matter (e.g., SiO 2 ).…”