Investigation of metal flow and preform optimization in flashless forging of a connecting rod

Geometric deviations in forging and cooling operations due to process uncertainties

“…Considerable research has been done to study the different design aspects of the forging process such as material waste [1], die design [3,4], energy conservation [5], lubricant design [6] and heat treatment of a forged component [7,8]. No significant research has been done in determining, quantifying and incorporating production process uncertainties in the design of the forging process.…”

“…Extensive work has been done on forging process design and flash reduction [1]. Very little work has been done to analyze the cooling process after forging to determine the effect of cooling parameters on the final forged part dimensions.…”

Numerical determination of blank shapes for warm forming of non-axisymmetric components

“…Previous researchers mostly studied the design of workpieces or preforms in forming axisymmetric components, such as rib-web parts (including H-shaped parts) [7][8][9], dome-shaped parts [10], nosed shells [11], and disks [12,13]. Even though the studied components were nonaxisymmetric, such as connecting rods [9,14,15] and airfoil blades [16], their workpieces or preforms were almost all solid blocks. In fact, practically, many formed components, such as watch cases and spur gears are non-axisymmetric objects with normally center-holes inside.…”

Prediction of Multipreform Shapes in Warm Forming with Experimental Verification

“…As a result, cost, time, and resources are significantly reduced. Most of the previous studies have investigated forming objects or problems typically related to rib-web parts including H-shaped parts, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] connecting rods, [17][18][19] and disks. [20][21][22] Moreover, generalizing blank or preform design for various bulk-forming types follows very few rules and guidelines.…”