Investigation of mechanisms involved in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia attenuation with dietary fibre consumption

Abstract

This work examines the mechanisms involved in the attenuation of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses associated with soluble dietary fibre (SDF) consumption. The effect of SDF, including yellow mustard mucilage, soluble flaxseed gum and fenugreek gum on in vitro amylolysis and maltose transport was studied. Furthermore, a human clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of SDF consumption on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and gastric emptying, as estimated based on the absorption of paracetamol. Participants (n = 15) at risk for type II diabetes consumed maltose syrup- and starch-based pudding treatments supplemented with each SDF, each at a concentration to match three times the apparent viscosity (18.54 mPa s at 60 s) equivalent to the European Food Safety Authority (2011) glycemia control health claim for cereal β-glucan, measured under simulated small intestinal conditions. The presence of each SDF delayed in vitro amylolysis to a similar extent, but had no effect on maltose transport. Generally, all SDF-containing treatments attenuated blood glucose and plasma insulin peak concentrations and plasma paracetamol 1 h incremental area under the curve values to a similar extent, relative to the controls, despite differences in the amounts at which each SDF was used (from 5.9 to 15.5 g). The postprandial attenuations were related to the ability of each SDF to modify digesta viscosity, perhaps through the delay of gastric emptying, as a delay of amylolysis and sugar transport under simulated upper intestinal conditions did not seem to have a substantial effect.

Pre-germinated brown rice extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome

“…Each value represents the mean ± SE (n = 8). # p < 0.05 versus RD; *p < 0.05 versus HFD β-actin plasma (Repin et al, 2017;Villanueva-Suárez, Pérez-Cózar, Mateos-Aparicio, & Redondo-Cuenca, 2016). However, in our previous studies where mice were fed a HFD and HFD mixed with PGBR, although there were no differences in the amount of dietary fibers in those two groups, the mice fed with HFD mixed PGBR were healthier than those fed with HFD only (Shen et al, 2016(Shen et al, , 2015Yen et al, 2017).…”

Mango phenolics increase the serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio in rats fed high cholesterol and sodium cholate diets

“…Dietary fiber and phenolic compounds are known to induce satiety by different mechanisms. Short‐term satiety is exerted through delayed gastric emptying (mainly by soluble fiber), by altering the viscosity of the alimentary bolus at gastric level . Satiety also occurs by modulating secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (short‐term), as well as leptin (long‐term) .…”

“…Short-term satiety is exerted through delayed gastric emptying (mainly by soluble fiber), by altering the viscosity of the alimentary bolus at gastric level. 34 Satiety also occurs by modulating secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (short-term), 35 as well as leptin (long-term). 36 Modifying the gut-brain axis signals by actions of the gut microbiota is a complementary method that can exert satiety.…”

Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients

“…Most common explanations usually refer to an unmediated ability of soluble fiber to delay glucose absorption [ 74 ]. However, Repin et al recently found that multiple types and doses of soluble fiber are able to induce similar reductions in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, concluding that a modified meal viscosity and maybe a slower gastric emptying are involved [ 75 ]. Steinert et al reported the use of oat bran mixed in water as a preload before a white bread test meal to efficiently reduce the postprandial glycemic area under curve and speculated it may be correlated to a delayed gastric emptying [ 76 ].…”