Investigation of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci

Ardıç, Nurittin; Özyurt, Mustafa; Sareyyüpoğlu, Barış; Haznedaroğlu, Tunçer

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.013

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The ermA gene was the resistance determinant detected most frequently in S. epidermidis isolates, and similar results have been reported by other authors (Ardic et al, 2005). However, this result is in contrast to other findings, where the ermC gene was the main resistance determinant observed in CNS, including S. epidermidis (Lim et al, 2002;Cetin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular typing and characterization of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated in a Mexican hospital

Castro-Alarcón

Ribas‐Aparicio

Silva-Sánchez

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal commensal of skin that has become a serious clinical problem because of the combination of increased use of intravascular devices and an increasing number of hospitalized immunocompromised patients. In addition, there is a lack of information pertaining to resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin type B (MLS B ) in developing countries, including Mexico. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of resistance to MLS B antibiotics in isolates of S. epidermidis obtained in the General Hospital of Acapulco in Mexico. Susceptibility to erythromycin, clindamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin was tested by a diffusion test, and MICs to oxacillin, erythromycin and lincomycin were determined. Differentiation between MLS B phenotypes was performed by a double disc diffusion test. A total of 38 of the 47 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from nosocomial infections were resistant to oxacillin [meticillinresistant S. epidermidis (MRSE)]. The phenotypes obtained were: 18 constitutive MLS B , 3 inducible MLS B , 6 macrolide streptogramin and 4 lincosamide; 7 strains were susceptible to MLS B antibiotics. The genes associated with resistance were detected by PCR. Genotyping showed a predominance of the ermA gene followed by genes ermC and msrA. The frequency of the genes detected varied slightly from results that have been reported in isolates from other countries. Clonal types were identified by PFGE and revealed the dissemination of two major clones of MRSE in the Mexican hospital. This is believed to be the first report in Mexico on the genes associated with the MLS B resistance phenotype in S. epidermidis, in addition to observing a wide distribution of clonal types in the General Hospital of Acapulco, Mexico.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular typing and characterization of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated in a Mexican hospital

Castro-Alarcón

Ribas‐Aparicio

Silva-Sánchez

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…De Guisti et al (1999) suggested that the mecA-negative strains currently express phenotypic oxacillin resistance mediated by a mechanism other than the presence of the mecA gene. The PCR method is considered as a standard method of molecular oxacillin susceptibility detection in comparison with phenotypic methods (Ardic et al 2005). Several studies had been done using a PCR technique that identified antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci (Martineau et al 2000;Strommenger et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR detection of the antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from auricular infections

Zmantar¹,

Chaieb²,

Abdallah³

et al. 2008

Folia Microbiol

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Thirty-five Staphylococcus aureus strains from auricular infections were isolated. The identification of strains was confirmed by Api ID 32 Staph strips, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using ATB Staph kit. PCR assay was used to detect the oxacillin resistance gene (mecA) and the erythromycin genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and mef). The susceptibility profile of all strains revealed a low resistance level to oxacillin and erythromycin. The PCR results show that 60 % of the strains are mecA positive. The frequency of erythromycin genes was: ermA (+) 22.8 %, ermB (+) 45.7, ermC (+) 17.1, msrA (+) 28.6. The mef gene was not detected in any strain. No correlations between genotypic and phenotypic methods for the determination of oxacillin and erythromycin resistance was found. However, multiplex PCR technique was shown to be a fast, practical and economic technique for the detection of methicillin-and erythromycin-resistant staphylococci.

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“…However, their distribution and abundance in entire microbial communities, including animal manure (the major reservoir of erm genes derived from food animals), remain to be determined. Although a few publications reported the detection of erm genes in pathogenic isolates (5,6,11,25,35,36), no PCR-based assay has been reported to quantify the erm gene reservoirs in entire microbial communities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of erm Genes Conferring Resistance to Macrolides-Lincosamides-Streptogramin B in Livestock Manure and Manure Management Systems

Chen¹,

Yu²,

Michel

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

222

154

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Erythromycin and tylosin are commonly used in animal production, and such use is perceived to contribute to the overall antimicrobial resistance (AR) reservoirs. Quantitative measurements of this type of AR reservoir in microbial communities are required to understand AR ecology (e.g., emergence, persistence, and dissemination). We report here the development, validation, and use of six real-time PCR assays for quantifying six classes of erm genes (classes A through C, F, T, and X) that encode the major mechanism of resistance to macrolides-lincosamidesstreptogramin B (MLS B ). These real-time PCR assays were validated and used in quantifying the six erm classes in five types of samples, including those from bovine manure, swine manure, compost of swine manure, swine waste lagoons, and an Ekokan upflow biofilter system treating hog house effluents. The bovine manure samples were found to contain much smaller reservoirs of each of the six erm classes than the swine manure samples. Compared to the swine manure samples, the composted swine manure samples had substantially reduced erm gene abundances (by up to 7.3 logs), whereas the lagoon or the biofilter samples had similar erm gene abundances. These preliminary results suggest that the methods of manure storage and treatment probably have a substantial impact on the persistence and decline of MLS B resistance originating from food animals, thus likely affecting the dissemination of such resistance genes into the environment. The abundances of these erm genes appeared to be positively correlated with those of the tet genes determined previously among these samples. These real-time PCR assays provide a rapid, quantitative, and cultivation-independent measurement of six major classes of erm genes, which should be useful for ecological studies of AR.

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Investigation of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular typing and characterization of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated in a Mexican hospital

Molecular typing and characterization of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated in a Mexican hospital

Multiplex PCR detection of the antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from auricular infections

Development and Application of Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of erm Genes Conferring Resistance to Macrolides-Lincosamides-Streptogramin B in Livestock Manure and Manure Management Systems

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